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近年来，ＤＮＡ疫苗的研究进展迅速，已在多种病毒、细菌、寄生虫病、肿瘤、过敏性疾病及免疫病理性疾病的防治研究中取得了令人鼓舞的成果，进一步提高ＤＮＡ疫苗的免疫效果是今后努力的方向。当前在这方面主要的策略有：构建真核表达载体时，选择合适的启动子；质粒基本骨架中插入免疫刺激序列（ＩＳＳ）或选择具有免疫增强作用的载体；细胞因子基因与外源基因共表达或共接种以提高外源基因编码抗原诱导的免疫反应。此外，质粒ＤＮＡ的接种剂量和途径也可影响免疫反应效果。
In recent years, research on DNA vaccines has been progressing rapidly and encouraging results have been achieved in the prevention and treatment of various viruses, bacteria, parasitic diseases, tumors, allergic diseases and immunopathological diseases, further improving the immunization of DNA vaccines The effect is the direction of future efforts. At present, the main strategies in this field are as follows: selecting proper promoter when constructing eukaryotic expression vector; inserting immunostimulatory sequence (ISS) into the basic framework of the plasmid or selecting a vector with immune enhancing effect; Expressed or co-vaccinated to increase the foreign gene encoding antigen-induced immune response. In addition, the dose and route of plasmid DNA inoculation can also affect the immune response.