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研究古水稻土有助于了解人类活动对土壤演变及碳氮生物地球化学循环的影响。在江苏昆山绰墩遗址发现的稻田群、浙江慈溪不同利用年限的水稻土,给相关研究开展提供了很好的契机。笔者先概述了不同利用年限水稻土中有机质组成、分布、性质以及与土壤矿物之间的关系,从土壤有机质角度比较了古今水稻土。再概述了国内外近年对土壤有机氮形态成分的研究,提出要结合上述已知古今水稻土的有机质差异,比较古今水稻土在土壤有机氮形态,可溶性有机氮和土壤氨基酸旋光度方面的差异,以初步了解水稻土历史发展中的碳氮循环。最后,对古水稻土今后的碳氮研究作了展望。
Studying the ancient paddy soil helps to understand the impact of human activities on soil evolution and carbon-nitrogen biogeochemical cycles. The rice paddies found in Zhuodun Site, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, and the paddy soil in Cixi, Zhejiang Province, which have different years of use, provide a good opportunity for related research and development. The author summarizes the composition, distribution, properties of organic matter and its relationship with soil minerals in paddy soils of different ages, and compares the ancient and modern paddy soils from the perspective of soil organic matter. This paper also summarizes the recent research on the form and composition of soil organic nitrogen both at home and abroad, and proposes to compare the organic matter differences between ancient and modern paddy soils, and to compare the differences of soil organic nitrogen form, soluble organic nitrogen and soil amino acid rotation in ancient and modern paddy soils, So as to understand the cycle of carbon and nitrogen in the history of paddy soil. Finally, the future research on carbon and nitrogen of ancient paddy soil is prospected.