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清人沈德潜在《说诗(日卒)语》中说,古人写诗力求“平字见奇,常字见险,陈字见新,朴字见色。”他还特别强调“古人不废炼字法,然以意胜,而不以字胜。”可见古人写诗是非常注重立意的。写诗作文立意的道理是一样的,所以古人作文时讲究义理、考据、辞章。现代人又特别强调在义理、考据、辞章三者中,义理是统帅,是灵魂。我们考察古今的名篇佳作,无一不在立意谋篇上煞费心思。一句话,诗文立意的高远、新颖与否是决定诗文成败的关键。恰在这个问题上,我们不少中学生存在着一个带有普遍性的问题:立意不新,人云亦云,平淡寡味。既不能从崭新的角度去观察思考问题,又不能阐发独到新颖的见解。这部分同学作文的立意往往是蹈人足迹,落入窠臼,或者囿于成见、俗见、陋见,或者乱弹琴,走向极端。
The Qingren Shen De potential “Speaking of Poetry (Japanese Descent)” said that the ancients wrote poetry to strive for “adventure characters are common characters, the regular characters are dangerous, the Chen characters are new, and the characters are simple.” He also emphasized that “Ancient people are not The practice of spelling out the wording is to win the word, not to win the word.” It can be seen that the ancients wrote poems with great emphasis on the concept. The reason for writing poetry and composition is the same, so the ancient people pay attention to the principles of justice, textual criticism and deciphering. Modern people also emphasized that in the three disciplines of justice, textual criticism, and decipherment, philosophical reasoning is commanding and soul. We examine ancient and modern masterpieces, and none of them are deliberately trying to spend a lot of time. In a word, the lofty and novel nature of poetry is the key to the success or failure of poetry. Just on this issue, many of our middle school students have a universal problem: they are not new in their minds, and they are incomprehensible. Neither can we observe and think from a brand new perspective, nor can we express unique and original ideas. The intention of this part of the students’ composition is often the footsteps of the dancers, falling into jealousy, or obsessed with preconceptions, common customs, and eroticism, or playing the piano and going to extremes.