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乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)是引起各种急、慢性肝炎、肝硬变及肝癌的主要致病原,各种与HBV感染有关的肝外疾患有:结节性多动脉炎、关节炎、皮疹和肾小球肾炎等,近20年这已为人们所认识。1971年Comes等首次在HBsAg血症的膜性肾病患者肾小球毛细血管壁裣出HBsAg。此后,HBeAg、HBcAg也分别于1979年、1980年在肾脏检出,阳性率4％～100％,它们可以单独出现,也可同时存在,多发生于膜性肾病(MN)和膜增殖性肾小球肾炎(MPGN),尤以儿童MN与HBV的关系最为密切。有报道在狼疮性肾炎(LE-N)和IgA肾病(IgA-N)患者的肾畦也检出HBsAg和HBcAg。因人们多认为HBV与肾病的发生有关,故称之为HBV相关性肾炎(HBVGN)。
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major causative agent causing various acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Various extra-hepatic diseases associated with HBV infection include polyarteritis nodosa, arthritis, rash And glomerulonephritis, etc., nearly 20 years this has been recognized. Comes such as 1971 for the first time in HBsAg-positive patients with membranous nephropathy glomerular capillary wall out of HBsAg. Since then, HBeAg and HBcAg were also detected in the kidneys in 1979 and 1980, respectively. The positive rates ranged from 4% to 100%. They could occur alone or in combination with multiple lesions in membranous nephropathy (MN) and membranoproliferative kidney Glomerulonephritis (MPGN), especially in children MN and HBV most closely. It has been reported that HBsAg and HBcAg are also detected in the neoplasms of patients with lupus nephritis (LE-N) and IgA nephropathy (IgA-N). Because people think more about the occurrence of HBV and nephropathy, it is called HBV-related nephritis (HBVGN).