本世纪初二十年代前后,在俄苏文学理论批评中曾出现过一个被叫作“形式主义”的批评流派。其影响之大,致使二十世纪“欧洲各种新流派的文学理论中,几乎每一流派都从这一‘形式主义’传统中得到启示”。(佛克玛·易布思《二十世纪文学理论》)然而在相当长一段时间里,我们所有的文学理论教材和各种文学刊物 Around the turn of the twenties of the 20th century, there was a school of criticism known as “formalism” in Russian literary criticism. Its influence has led to the revelation from the ’formalist’ tradition of almost every genre in the literary theories of the various new schools in Europe of the twentieth century in the twentieth century. (Fokke Ibusch “20th Century Literary Theory”) However, for a long period of time, all of our literary theory textbooks and various literary publications