文学理论,或日文化理论,既然是一种人文学术话语的建构,就必然有一定的相对性,也即它在用于此时此地的文学现象的阐释时也许是有效的,而用于另一文化语境中的文学现象就有可能发生某种形式的变异,其有效性会大打折扣甚至失却。文学理论在西方之所以衰落,一个重要原因就在于,一些掌握理论话语的人把理论的重要性看得过高,认为理论可以君临一切。实际上,来自文学和文化实践的理论充其量只应该在解释文学现象时才有效。精神分析学、生态批评以及文化研究在中国的接受及其成败得失可以证明,任何来自西方的文学或文化理论,用于文学阐释都有其相对的有效性,如果要使其在一切语境下都有效,那就应该语境化。“后理论时代”西方文论的出路就在于它应该拥抱西方以外的文学理论,在这方面,中国的文学理论应该有所作为。 Literary theory or theory of Japanese culture, since it is a construction of a humanistic academic discourse, must have certain relativities, that is, it may be effective in interpreting the literary phenomena here and now and for the other Literary phenomena in a cultural context may undergo some form of variation and their effectiveness may be greatly reduced or even lost. One of the important reasons for the decline of literary theory in the West lies in the fact that some people who master the theoretical discourse over-emphasize the importance of the theory and think that the theory can be ruled by everything. In fact, theories from literary and cultural practice should at best be valid only in interpreting literary phenomena. The acceptance of psychoanalysis, ecocriticism, and cultural studies in China and their successes and failures can prove that any literary or cultural theory from the west has its relative validity for literary interpretation if it is to be used in all contexts Are valid, then it should be contextualized. “Post-theoretical era ” The way out of Western literary theory lies in that it should embrace the literary theory beyond the West. In this respect, Chinese literary theory should do something.