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第七章过渡时期的好莱坞(1952-1962)〔上〕 1.作为过渡时期的开端,1952年标志着美国电影业从持续了20多年的制作——发行——放映模式,开始向难以确定和变化多端的方向发展。而在电影史上,一切影响电影工业的事件必然会影响电影艺术;同样,发生在美国的事件必然会影响世界。至于1952年之所以会成为转折的标志,是因为这一年电视网开始完整地覆盖美国本土;而且,这一年出现了宽银幕电影、立体声音响和伊斯曼彩色电影胶卷;此外,1952年联邦最高法院作出裁决,开始放松对电影内容的控制,最后,从那以后,在国外摄制美国电影和好莱坞对国际收入的依靠与日俱增。我们必须看到,电影与电视传播关系的变化,是50——60年代美国这两个行业的主要内容之一。尽管电视发明于第二次世界大战爆发前夕,但大战冻结了它的试验;不过,战后短短几年中,
Chapter VII Hollywood in Transition (1952-1962) [Top] 1. As the beginning of the transitional period, 1952 marks the beginning of the transition from a production-distribution-projection mode that has lasted more than 20 years to the U.S. film industry to the difficult-to- Variety of direction of development. In the film history, all the events that affect the film industry will inevitably affect the art of cinema. Similarly, events in the United States will inevitably affect the world. The reason why 1952 will be the turning point is that this year the television network began to completely cover the United States. In addition, widescreen movies, stereos and Eastman color film were released this year. In addition, in 1952 The Federal Supreme Court ruled and began loosening control over the content of the movie, and finally, the filming of American movies abroad and the reliance on Hollywood’s growing international revenues are on the rise. We must see that the change in the relationship between film and television transmission is one of the major elements of the two industries in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. Although television was invented on the eve of the outbreak of World War II, the war froze its tests; however, in just a few short years after the war,