一、长期的屈辱外交1.近代外交机构的设立。1861年总理衙门设立,这是近代中国第一个主管外交中央机构,标志着清政府最终放弃了闭关政策。之后清政府陆续向欧美等国派出驻外使节,同时通过创设新式学堂和派遣留学生等方式培养了一批外交人才。1901年《辛丑条约》将总理衙门改为外 First, long-term humiliating diplomacy 1. The establishment of modern diplomatic agencies. The establishment of the premier Yamen in 1861 was the first Chinese central authority in charge of diplomatic affairs in modern China, a sign that the Qing government finally gave up the policy of retreat. Afterwards, the Qing government sent ambassadors to other countries, such as Europe and the United States. At the same time, it trained a group of diplomatic talents by creating new schools and sending students abroad. 1901 “Xin Chou Treaty” will be the Yamen changed the Prime Minister