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人类理性的内涵本身是丰富的,但随着功利主义在经济学中的盛行,目的理性逐渐得到了推崇。同时,为了适应数学模型化分析的需要,目的理性行为又进而被视为“给定”行为目标下的行为选择,从而就转变为工具理性。正是基于“目的导向”的选择规则和基于“主观效用”的行为动机之结合,现代主流经济学发展出了经济人假说。这种经济人将选择的内部一致性和行为的自利最大化结合在一起,从而又构建了一个不断蚕食其他领域的理性经济人分析框架。不过,理性经济人分析框架却存在严重的缺陷:(1)它是高度抽象的而与现实相脱节的,分析的是一个抽象的物理世界,而不是一个真实的社会人;(2)它刻意回避了规范分析,而把任何人类行为都看成是理性的行为,从而混淆了实然和应然之间的关系。
The connotation of human reason itself is rich, but with the prevalence of utilitarianism in economics, the purpose of reason has gradually been respected. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of mathematical modeling analysis, the purposeful rational behavior is then regarded as the behavioral choice under the “given ” behavior goal, so it turns into the tool rationality. It is precisely based on the combination of the selection rules of “purpose-oriented ” and the motives of motivation based on “subjective utility ”, the modern mainstream economics has developed the hypothesis of economic man. This kind of economic man combined the internal consistency of choice with the maximization of the self-interest of behavior, so as to construct an analytical framework of rational economic man who constantly eroded other fields. However, there is a serious flaw with the analytical framework of rational economic man: (1) it is highly abstract and disjointed with reality, and it analyzes an abstract physical world rather than a real social person; (2) it deliberately Avoid normative analysis, and any human behavior as a rational behavior, thus confusing the relationship between reality and should.