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Editor-in-Chief,Chairman of GIAHS Steering Committee,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,ChinaChina has a 5000 year history of agricultural civilization.Diversified natural and cultural features across regions have led to a variety of agricultural heritage systems,which continue to inspire sustainable development.In 2005,the Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System was selected as one of the first Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) pilot sites by the FAO,which opened new prospects for research and practiceon agricultural heritage conservation.This new period of research highlights interdisciplinary cooperation,focuses on both theory and practice and balances the relationship between the conservation and development of agricultural heritage.