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为了研究牧草水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量及青贮时气候条件对青贮发酵的影响,分析了从商品农场1972～1978年间的地面青贮采的1009个样本,测量了第一茬刈割牧草青贮的氨态氮含量和pH。青贮料的干物质(DM)含量是影响发酵的主要因素,而青贮料DM决定于降水量、制备青贮时的晾晒时数和牧草收割时的DM含量。WSC含量对其后的发酵亦有明显的影响。影响牧草WSC的主要因素是生长期内的日照时数和降水量,制备发酵良好的不加添,加剂的青贮料,必须的最低DM含量约为260g/kg。当添加蚁酸时,DM的需要量明显降至240g/kg,添加硫酸+甲醛时,降至252g/kg。结果表明,为了防止青贮中梭菌发酵的发展,牧草必须的最低WSC含量,在牧草DM为230g/kg不加添加剂时,约为37g/kg,添加蚁酸时,需30g/kg。结论是,在商品农场里,气候条件即牧草生长期和青贮时的降水量和日照时数,对青贮发酵的影响比使用添加剂更大。
In order to study the effects of pasture water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content and silage climatic conditions on silage fermentation, 1009 samples of ground silage collected from commercial farms from 1972 to 1978 were analyzed. Ammonia nitrogen content and pH. The silage DM content is the main factor affecting the fermentation, while the silage DM depends on the amount of precipitation, the drying time when silage is prepared, and the DM content at harvest time. WSC content also has a significant impact on the subsequent fermentation. The main factors that affect the pasture WSC are the sunshine duration and precipitation during the growth period. The minimum required DM content for the preparation of fermented silage without additives and additives is about 260 g / kg. When the formic acid was added, the DM requirement dropped significantly to 240 g / kg and to 252 g / kg when sulfuric acid + formaldehyde was added. The results showed that in order to prevent the development of Clostridium fermentation in the silage, the minimum necessary WSC content of forages was about 37 g / kg when the pasture DM was 230 g / kg without additives and 30 g / kg when the formic acid was added. The conclusion is that in commercial farms climatic conditions, ie, the growth of forage and the amount of precipitation and sunshine hours during silage, have a greater effect on silage fermentation than the use of additives.