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研究了GCr15钢等通道转角挤压(ECAE)的原理与技术实施手段。通过设计ECAE模具的几何结构,研究了剪切应变累积效应的计算方法。通过对GCr15钢单道次ECAE加工后光学微观组织的观察,讨论了模具几何结构条件(转角与背转角大小)对GCr15钢微观组织变化的影响。结果表明:GCr15钢的ECAE变形组织形态较好地符合理论预测结果;多道次ECAE加工显著改善了GCr15钢的微观组织;通过ECAE工艺,也能够制备出大尺寸致密的细晶材料。
The principle and technical implementation of GCr15 steel channel extrusion (ECAE) were studied. By designing the geometric structure of ECAE mold, the calculation method of cumulative effect of shear strain was studied. By observing the optical microstructure of GCr15 single pass ECAE, the influence of mold geometry (corner and back angle) on the microstructure of GCr15 steel was discussed. The results show that the ECAE deformation morphology of GCr15 steel is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The multi-pass ECAE processing can remarkably improve the microstructure of GCr15 steel. Large-size and dense fine-grained materials can also be prepared by ECAE process.