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目的了解广西壮族自治区(简称广西)近年病毒性肝炎的流行特征及规律,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法从国家《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》中收集2004—2012年广西病毒性肝炎疫情报告资料,病例诊断依据《病毒性肝炎防治方案》,用描述性流行病学方法进行数据分析和统计。结果广西病毒性肝炎发病率呈上升趋势,由2004年的81.82/10万升至2012年的127.64/10万,年龄高峰在20~34岁,男女之比为2.24∶1,以农民为主(57.35%)。乙型肝炎占病毒性肝炎比重最大(74.62%~82.38%),乙型肝炎的发病率上升了43.57%(67.41/10万至96.78/10万),年龄高峰在25~29岁,发病率在<20岁人群逐年下降,在20~24岁相对稳定,在≥25岁人群逐年上升,有地区差异。丙型肝炎发病率2012年比2004年上升了4.17倍(4.22/10万至21.81/10万),年龄高峰分别在0岁、25~34岁、≥80岁,在≥15岁人群逐年上升,存在城乡差异。戊型肝炎发病率上升了8.1倍(0.30/10万至2.73/10万),年龄高峰波动于60~84岁,时间高峰在3月,存在城乡差异。甲型肝炎发病明显下降(4.56/10万至1.56/10万),但学校时有暴发疫情,年龄高峰受学校暴发疫情影响而呈现双峰(7~19岁和≥50岁)或单峰(>60岁),有季节性,高峰在5月,有地区差异。结论 2004—2012年广西病毒性肝炎发病率呈上升趋势。乙型肝炎的免疫策略成效显著但仍应是病毒性肝炎防治工作的重中之重。甲型肝炎防控需针对重点地区和人群;丙型肝炎和戊型肝炎发病率持续大幅上升,城区高于农村,值得进一步研究。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and laws of viral hepatitis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Guangxi) in recent years and to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of epidemic situation of viral hepatitis in Guangxi from 2004 to 2012 were collected from the national “Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System”. The diagnosis was based on the “viral hepatitis prevention and treatment plan”, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used for data analysis and statistics. Results The incidence of viral hepatitis in Guangxi showed an upward trend from 81.82 / 100000 in 2004 to 127.64 / 100000 in 2012. The peak age ranged from 20 to 34 years. The ratio of male to female was 2.24:1, 57.35%). Hepatitis B accounted for the largest proportion of viral hepatitis (74.62% -82.38%), the incidence of hepatitis B increased by 43.57% (67.41 / 100000 to 96.78 / 100000), and the peak age ranged from 25 to 29 years <20-year-old population decreased year by year, relatively stable in 20 to 24 years of age, ≥ 25-year-old population increased year by year, there are regional differences. The incidence of hepatitis C increased by 4.17 times (4.22 / lakh to 21.81 / lakh) in 2012 compared with that in 2004. The peak age was 0 years old, 25-34 years old, ≥80 years old, and the number of people aged ≥15 years increased year by year. There is a difference between urban and rural areas. The incidence of hepatitis E increased by 8.1-fold (0.30 / 100,000 to 2.73 / 100,000), with the peak in the age range of 60 to 84 years. The peak time was in March and there was a difference between urban and rural areas. The incidence of hepatitis A decreased significantly (4.56 / 100000 to 1.56 / 100000), but outbreaks occurred in schools. The peak age was bimodal (7-19 and ≥50 years) or unimodal > 60 years), seasonal, peak in May, there are regional differences. Conclusion The incidence of viral hepatitis in Guangxi increased from 2004 to 2012. Hepatitis B immunization strategy has achieved remarkable results but should still be the top priority in the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis A prevention and control needs to be targeted at key areas and populations; the incidence of hepatitis C and hepatitis E continues to rise sharply, and the urban area is higher than that of rural areas, which deserves further study.