论文部分内容阅读
目的建立湖沼型重疫区“无血吸虫感染者学校”健康促进干预模式,并观察其推广应用效果。方法试点研究阶段,选择江西省新建县恒湖小学(实验组)和板山小学(对照组)所有在校学生为研究对象,基线调查内容包括血防知识与血防态度和接触疫水行为(问卷调查),及血吸虫感染情况(用Kato-Katz法,一粪三检)。在恒湖小学应用“信息传播+防护技能培训+奖惩激励”(模式A,1993-1999)健康教育干预模式和“信息传播+行为参与+行为激励”(模式B,2000-2007)健康促进干预模式,干预后每年调查血吸虫感染情况,比较2个模式的干预效果。应用推广阶段,2005-2007年选择新建县、南昌县和进贤县等3县8所学校的所有在校学生为研究对象,应用B模式进行干预。基线调查、干预后的考核方法和指标均同上。结果试点研究阶段,基线调查(干预前)的结果显示,恒湖小学(实验组)和板山小学(对照组)的血防知识知晓率、血防态度正确率、接触疫水频率和血吸虫感染率等,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。恒湖小学A模式干预后1年,血防知识知晓率(94.4%)和血防态度正确率(98.9%)分别与干预前(9.0%和55.1%)相比均有较大的提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);接触疫水频率(1.9%)和血吸虫感染率(2.3%)分别与干预前(14.6%和13.5%)相比均有较大程度的下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预后2～7年内,每年血吸虫感染者均为1～2例;改用B模式干预后,每年血吸虫感染者均为0。推广应用研究阶段,用模式B在8所学校实施干预2年,目标人群连续2年均未检出血吸虫感染者。结论B模式可推广应用于重度疫区创建“无血吸虫感染者学校”。
Objective To establish a model of health promotion intervention in schools with severe floaters and swampy areas without schistosomiasis infection and to observe the effects of its promotion and application. Methods During the pilot study, all the students in Heng Lake Primary School (experimental group) and Ban Shan Elementary School (control group) in Xinjian County of Jiangxi Province were selected as study subjects. The baseline survey included knowledge of blood-stasis prevention, attitude toward blood-stasis prevention and epidemic-contacting behavior ), And schistosomiasis (using the Kato-Katz method, a fecal triad). In Henghu Primary School, “health education intervention mode and information dissemination + behavioral participation + behavioral stimulation” are applied in “Training of Information Dissemination + Protective Skills Training + Reward and Punishment Incentives” (Mode A, 1993-1999) (Mode B, 2000-2007 ) Health promotion intervention model, the annual investigation of schistosomiasis infection after intervention, compared the effects of two modes of intervention. During the application promotion stage, all students in 8 schools in 3 counties including Xinjian County, Nanchang County and Jinxian County from 2005 to 2007 were selected as research subjects and B mode was used to intervene. Baseline survey, assessment methods and indicators after the intervention are the same. Results In the pilot phase, the results of the baseline survey (before intervention) showed that the awareness rate of schistosomiasis prevention, the accuracy of schistosomiasis control, the frequency of contact with water and the infection rate of schistosomiasis in Henghu primary school (experimental group) and Ban mountain primary school (control group) , The difference between the two was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). One year after model intervention in Henghu Primary School, the awareness rate of blood-borne knowledge (94.4%) and the correct rate of blood-borne attitude (98.9%) were significantly higher than those before intervention (9.0% and 55.1% respectively) (P <0.01). The contact frequency (1.9%) and schistosomiasis infection rate (2.3%) were significantly lower than those before intervention (14.6% and 13.5% respectively), with statistical difference Significance (P <0.01). Within 2 to 7 years after the intervention, 1 to 2 cases of schistosomiasis were infected each year. After switching to model B, the number of schistosome infections was 0 in each year. Popularization and application of research phase, with mode B in 8 schools to implement the intervention for 2 years, the target population were not detected for 2 consecutive years of schistosome infection. Conclusion B mode can be widely used in severe epidemic areas to create “schistosomiasis-infected school”.