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大学英语四、六级考试几乎是每个大学生必需的考试。在大学英语四、六级考试中，作文是必考的内容，占有15%的分值，其重要性显而易见。在大学英语四、六级考试中作文和快速阅读作为第一部分要考的内容，其作答的好坏直接影响接下来的考试。作文写得既快又好，有利于学生在整个考试中保持平和的心态，更好地进行整场考试。
在作文的书写过程中，很多学生头疼考试要求中规定的120字（四级）和150字（六级），经常为了凑够字数出现文不对题、语句啰嗦、词不达意甚至直接跑题等现象。本文总结了提高英语四、六级作文质量的五方面技巧，帮助学生巧“凑”字数，使文章既能满足字数的要求，又能提高用词用句的水平，增加文采，提高作文的整体水平。
一、妙用标点符号，提高作文质量
用标点符号连接有紧密联系的前后两个句子，组成一个长句子。这样既能句子之间的紧密性，又使叙述更加流畅自然，一举两得。下面我就几个常用标点举例说明。
1.分号
如果两个句子有紧密的联系，并且重要性相同，可以中间用分号连接组成一个长句子。
例如：句1：Nancy wants to be a lawyer.
句2：Her friend Lucy wants to be a teacher.
合：Nancy wants to be a lawyer；her friend Lucy wants to be a teacher.
2.冒号
2.1用来连接有紧密联系的前后两个句子，如果第二个句子是对前面句子的进一步解释或修饰的话，可以用冒号来连接。
例如：The garden had been neglected for a long time: it was overgrown and full of weeds.
2.2冒号可以用来表示列举，用来替代 “such as”、“for example”、“for instance”、“in the following examples”、“as follows”等词组 。
例如：
（1）句1：My vacation plan includes the following activities.
句2：The activities are reading a good book，visiting my grandparents and swimming.
合：My vacation plan includes the following activities: reading a good book，visiting my grandparents and swimming.
（2）句1：The overseas cargo carrier brought goods from all over the world.
句2：It brought clothes，furniture，household appliances and heavy machinery.
合：The overseas cargo carries brought goods from all over the world: clothes，furniture，household appliances and heavy machinery.
3.破折号
3.1可以用来替代分号和冒号来连接前后紧密相关的两个句子，增加标点的变化，惹人注目，使文章更加生动、印象深刻。
例如：Sirens blared，men shouted and people crowded around to witness the scene——it was total chaos for the first fifteen minutes.
3.2用来表示总结，可以作为总结句的句式。在段落或文章的结尾用来总结前面的主要思想。
例如：Time and patience——two simple words——yet why are they so hard for me to remember.
二、巧换单词，提高词汇等级
所谓词汇的等级，即我们在写作的过程中，如果想出一个基本词汇之后，能够在这个基本词汇的基础上把它再提升一下，也就是我们一般写作所提倡的用“难词”。例如，我们一提到“重要的”，大多数学生首先会想到“important”（换别的词）这个单词，那么提升一下的话就可以想到它的如下同义词：significant，vital，main，basilica，crucial，momentous。
类似巧换能让作文增色良多。
1.用“大词”替代“小词”，“具体词”替代“通用词”。
例如：good用positive，favorable，promising，perfect，pleasurable，excellent，outstanding代替；bad用dreadful，unfavorable，poor，adverse代替。
2．用连接副词（conjunctive adverbs）代替并列连词（conjunction）。
but可以替换为however，nonetheless；and可以替换为besides，moreover；so可以替换为hence，therefore。
例句：
（1）He promised to come to the meeting，but he didn’t appear.
—He promised to come to the meeting；however，he didn’t appear.
（2）Tom reviewed all the lessons，so he was ready for the exam.
—Tom reviewed all the lessons；therefore，he was ready for the exam.
用了新词，增加了词汇的难度，既增加了句子的长度，又增加了标点符号，使句子看起来更复杂、更有水平。
三、用短语替代单词，轻松增加作文字数
如果我们能够在单词的基础上进一步想到与之同义的词组，那么文章就会显得与众不同，更具有英语的味道。比如上面所说的“重要的”这个单词，当我们想到important的时候，如果从语法角度再稍加考虑一下，就能够联想到“be of importance”，因为语法中规定：形容词等于of加这个形容词的名词形式。如果再提升一步呢？我们还能用一个常用的词组“play an important role in...”。下面我们看两类具体应用的例子。
1.普通词的替代
as—in the same way
same—to have ... in common
want—be looking forward to
2.过渡词的替代
2.1表示顺序：first，firstly替换为in the first place，for the first point，to begin with，first and foremost second，secondly，then替换为in the next place，in addition last 替换为last but not least。
2.2表示对比：but，however替换为in contrast，on the contrary，on the opposite side。
2.3表示比较：similar，like替换为 in the same way，at the same rate as，to be parallel in...。
2.4表示举例：for example，for instance，such as，a case in point is that...。
2.5表示总结：in conclusion，in brief，in summary，in the whole，all in all。
通过短语的替代使字数明显增加，表达也更有文采。
四、巧用并列连词和连接副词，短句变长句，丰富句式的多样性
四、六级作文主张学生能长短句并用，避免过多地使用简单句。在写作中，适当使用复杂句子结构，会提高语言质量，给人一种清新愉悦的感觉；反之，简单句过多，便会味同嚼蜡，读后令人乏味。巧妙使用并列连词和连接副词，可以帮助学生在语法水平一般情况下写出结构较复杂的长句子，提高作文质量。
1.使用并列连词，把两个短句连接成并列结构的长句。
例如：
（1）句1：John’s mother stays at home.
句2：His father goes to work every day.
合：John’s mother stays at home，and （while） his father goes to work every day.
（2）句1：Bicycling is a good form of exercise.
句2：It does not contribute to air pollution.
合：Bicycling is a good form of exercise；moreover，it does not contribute to air pollution.
2. 使用连接副词，把两个短句连接成主次分明的主从复杂句。
例句：
（1）句1： She was deeply hurt by his disrespect to her.
句2：She continued to help him.
合：Although she was deeply hurt by his disrespect to her，she continued to help him.
（2）句1：The staff of the department will meet in the room.
句2：They met in the room last week.
合：The staff of the department will meet in the room where they met last week.
以上实例，通过并列连词和连接副词的使用丰富了句式，增加了作文的逻辑性和连贯性，明显增添了文采。
五、巧用结束句，提高文章紧密性
大学英语四、六级作文要求段落结构一般由三部分构成：主题句、扩展句和总结句。学生一般都知道在段落的开头写上主题句，但很多学生却总忘记在结尾写上总结句。在段落结尾和文章结尾增加结束句既能增加文章的紧密性，使观点更加突出，结构更加紧凑，又能无形中增加作文字数。
结束句非常简单好写，是对整个段落的总结。一般情况上只要把段首主题句换个说法（换种表达方式）即可，表达的意思基本相同。如果实在不会，也可以把主题句直接写过来。
例如：一个段落主题句为“Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit.”，总结句可以为“One can see that all the above expenses do contribute to making smoking an expensive habit. ” 。
主题句是“With the application of advanced technology we can learn more easily and efficiently.”的一个段落，总结句为“In a word，advanced technology had changed the way we learn and has helped us a lot in our study.”。
下面以一个完整的段落为例：
For a university student in China，living on the campus is beneficial to his study.Firstly，the atmosphere can help to make him feel pressed and therefore work hard.Whenever he goes，he may come across some other students working，in the classroom，in the library，in the garden or even in a corner on the sports ground. He may even find students practicing English on the way to the classroom. Secondly，living at school is extremely convenient. The student does not have to worry about any traffic jam or the long hour from home to school. And with all his classmates living in the same quarter，he can easily find someone with whom he can discuss the problems he comes across in study whenever he has one. He may also have time to discuss with teachers who also live inside the university.Thirdly，living at school may provide the student many chances for academic activities，which benefits his professional career. For all these advantages，many students choose to stay on the campus rather than living at home.
以上五种技巧是我在近几年作文教学中研究的一点浅显心得，希望能对各位同仁在帮助学生应对考试作文时有些帮助。我也清楚提升学生的考场作文能力不是一朝一夕之事，还需各位同仁共同努力。因此，我希望这篇文章能抛砖引玉，看到各位同仁研究发现更多更好的提升学生四、六级作文的方法技巧。
在作文的书写过程中，很多学生头疼考试要求中规定的120字（四级）和150字（六级），经常为了凑够字数出现文不对题、语句啰嗦、词不达意甚至直接跑题等现象。本文总结了提高英语四、六级作文质量的五方面技巧，帮助学生巧“凑”字数，使文章既能满足字数的要求，又能提高用词用句的水平，增加文采，提高作文的整体水平。
一、妙用标点符号，提高作文质量
用标点符号连接有紧密联系的前后两个句子，组成一个长句子。这样既能句子之间的紧密性，又使叙述更加流畅自然，一举两得。下面我就几个常用标点举例说明。
1.分号
如果两个句子有紧密的联系，并且重要性相同，可以中间用分号连接组成一个长句子。
例如：句1：Nancy wants to be a lawyer.
句2：Her friend Lucy wants to be a teacher.
合：Nancy wants to be a lawyer；her friend Lucy wants to be a teacher.
2.冒号
2.1用来连接有紧密联系的前后两个句子，如果第二个句子是对前面句子的进一步解释或修饰的话，可以用冒号来连接。
例如：The garden had been neglected for a long time: it was overgrown and full of weeds.
2.2冒号可以用来表示列举，用来替代 “such as”、“for example”、“for instance”、“in the following examples”、“as follows”等词组 。
例如：
（1）句1：My vacation plan includes the following activities.
句2：The activities are reading a good book，visiting my grandparents and swimming.
合：My vacation plan includes the following activities: reading a good book，visiting my grandparents and swimming.
（2）句1：The overseas cargo carrier brought goods from all over the world.
句2：It brought clothes，furniture，household appliances and heavy machinery.
合：The overseas cargo carries brought goods from all over the world: clothes，furniture，household appliances and heavy machinery.
3.破折号
3.1可以用来替代分号和冒号来连接前后紧密相关的两个句子，增加标点的变化，惹人注目，使文章更加生动、印象深刻。
例如：Sirens blared，men shouted and people crowded around to witness the scene——it was total chaos for the first fifteen minutes.
3.2用来表示总结，可以作为总结句的句式。在段落或文章的结尾用来总结前面的主要思想。
例如：Time and patience——two simple words——yet why are they so hard for me to remember.
二、巧换单词，提高词汇等级
所谓词汇的等级，即我们在写作的过程中，如果想出一个基本词汇之后，能够在这个基本词汇的基础上把它再提升一下，也就是我们一般写作所提倡的用“难词”。例如，我们一提到“重要的”，大多数学生首先会想到“important”（换别的词）这个单词，那么提升一下的话就可以想到它的如下同义词：significant，vital，main，basilica，crucial，momentous。
类似巧换能让作文增色良多。
1.用“大词”替代“小词”，“具体词”替代“通用词”。
例如：good用positive，favorable，promising，perfect，pleasurable，excellent，outstanding代替；bad用dreadful，unfavorable，poor，adverse代替。
2．用连接副词（conjunctive adverbs）代替并列连词（conjunction）。
but可以替换为however，nonetheless；and可以替换为besides，moreover；so可以替换为hence，therefore。
例句：
（1）He promised to come to the meeting，but he didn’t appear.
—He promised to come to the meeting；however，he didn’t appear.
（2）Tom reviewed all the lessons，so he was ready for the exam.
—Tom reviewed all the lessons；therefore，he was ready for the exam.
用了新词，增加了词汇的难度，既增加了句子的长度，又增加了标点符号，使句子看起来更复杂、更有水平。
三、用短语替代单词，轻松增加作文字数
如果我们能够在单词的基础上进一步想到与之同义的词组，那么文章就会显得与众不同，更具有英语的味道。比如上面所说的“重要的”这个单词，当我们想到important的时候，如果从语法角度再稍加考虑一下，就能够联想到“be of importance”，因为语法中规定：形容词等于of加这个形容词的名词形式。如果再提升一步呢？我们还能用一个常用的词组“play an important role in...”。下面我们看两类具体应用的例子。
1.普通词的替代
as—in the same way
same—to have ... in common
want—be looking forward to
2.过渡词的替代
2.1表示顺序：first，firstly替换为in the first place，for the first point，to begin with，first and foremost second，secondly，then替换为in the next place，in addition last 替换为last but not least。
2.2表示对比：but，however替换为in contrast，on the contrary，on the opposite side。
2.3表示比较：similar，like替换为 in the same way，at the same rate as，to be parallel in...。
2.4表示举例：for example，for instance，such as，a case in point is that...。
2.5表示总结：in conclusion，in brief，in summary，in the whole，all in all。
通过短语的替代使字数明显增加，表达也更有文采。
四、巧用并列连词和连接副词，短句变长句，丰富句式的多样性
四、六级作文主张学生能长短句并用，避免过多地使用简单句。在写作中，适当使用复杂句子结构，会提高语言质量，给人一种清新愉悦的感觉；反之，简单句过多，便会味同嚼蜡，读后令人乏味。巧妙使用并列连词和连接副词，可以帮助学生在语法水平一般情况下写出结构较复杂的长句子，提高作文质量。
1.使用并列连词，把两个短句连接成并列结构的长句。
例如：
（1）句1：John’s mother stays at home.
句2：His father goes to work every day.
合：John’s mother stays at home，and （while） his father goes to work every day.
（2）句1：Bicycling is a good form of exercise.
句2：It does not contribute to air pollution.
合：Bicycling is a good form of exercise；moreover，it does not contribute to air pollution.
2. 使用连接副词，把两个短句连接成主次分明的主从复杂句。
例句：
（1）句1： She was deeply hurt by his disrespect to her.
句2：She continued to help him.
合：Although she was deeply hurt by his disrespect to her，she continued to help him.
（2）句1：The staff of the department will meet in the room.
句2：They met in the room last week.
合：The staff of the department will meet in the room where they met last week.
以上实例，通过并列连词和连接副词的使用丰富了句式，增加了作文的逻辑性和连贯性，明显增添了文采。
五、巧用结束句，提高文章紧密性
大学英语四、六级作文要求段落结构一般由三部分构成：主题句、扩展句和总结句。学生一般都知道在段落的开头写上主题句，但很多学生却总忘记在结尾写上总结句。在段落结尾和文章结尾增加结束句既能增加文章的紧密性，使观点更加突出，结构更加紧凑，又能无形中增加作文字数。
结束句非常简单好写，是对整个段落的总结。一般情况上只要把段首主题句换个说法（换种表达方式）即可，表达的意思基本相同。如果实在不会，也可以把主题句直接写过来。
例如：一个段落主题句为“Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit.”，总结句可以为“One can see that all the above expenses do contribute to making smoking an expensive habit. ” 。
主题句是“With the application of advanced technology we can learn more easily and efficiently.”的一个段落，总结句为“In a word，advanced technology had changed the way we learn and has helped us a lot in our study.”。
下面以一个完整的段落为例：
For a university student in China，living on the campus is beneficial to his study.Firstly，the atmosphere can help to make him feel pressed and therefore work hard.Whenever he goes，he may come across some other students working，in the classroom，in the library，in the garden or even in a corner on the sports ground. He may even find students practicing English on the way to the classroom. Secondly，living at school is extremely convenient. The student does not have to worry about any traffic jam or the long hour from home to school. And with all his classmates living in the same quarter，he can easily find someone with whom he can discuss the problems he comes across in study whenever he has one. He may also have time to discuss with teachers who also live inside the university.Thirdly，living at school may provide the student many chances for academic activities，which benefits his professional career. For all these advantages，many students choose to stay on the campus rather than living at home.
以上五种技巧是我在近几年作文教学中研究的一点浅显心得，希望能对各位同仁在帮助学生应对考试作文时有些帮助。我也清楚提升学生的考场作文能力不是一朝一夕之事，还需各位同仁共同努力。因此，我希望这篇文章能抛砖引玉，看到各位同仁研究发现更多更好的提升学生四、六级作文的方法技巧。