马克思为什么要批判资本主义?他又为何倡导社会主义呢?马克思本人对这些问题的解释似乎是莫名其妙的。一方面,他声称提出了一种客观的、“科学的”历史理论。这一历史理论的一个根本原则是,道德价值——包括马克思主义自身的那些道德价值——是社会的和历史的产物。另一方面,马克思主义又断言自己并不是一种“中立的”或“没有价值趋向的”观点。它毫不掩饰地谴责资本主义,并且不遗余力地倡导社会主义。一种批判性的观点正是它不可缺少的。 Why did Marx criticize capitalism? And why did he advocate socialism? Marx’s explanation of these questions seems inexplicable. On the one hand, he claims to have put forward an objective, “scientific” theory of history. A fundamental principle of this historical theory is that moral values ​​- including those of Marxism itself - are the product of society and history. On the other hand, Marxism asserts that it is not a “neutral” or “value-free” viewpoint. It casually condemned capitalism and spared no effort to advocate socialism. It is indispensable for a critical view.