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译文摘要本期本栏译文由曾祥龙审校下牙弓后期拥挤的病因与直接近中向力──文献回顾［ＲｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎＭＥ，ＡｍＪＯｒｔｈｏｄＤｅｎｔｏｆａｃ１９９４；１０５：５２９－５９７］作者根据８３篇文献作了回顾性总结，下牙弓后期拥挤的病因，归结为以下七种因素：...
The essay is based on 83 articles reviewed by Richardson ME, Am J Orthod Dentofac 1994; 105: 529-597. The etiology of the lower arch of the late crowding, boils down to the following seven factors: ...