石涛(一六四二—一七○七),原名朱若极,小字阿长,明宗室靖江王后裔。幼年在宫乱中被仆臣带出,后落发为僧,法号初为超济,后改为元济(或称原济),又有大涤子、清湘老人、苦瓜和尚等别号。石涛一生行走南北,后返回扬州以鬻画为生,是明末清初江南地区个性画派的代表人物,与弘仁、髡残、八大山人并称画中“四僧”。当时的画坛以正统的“四王”为 Shi Tao (one six four two - seven hundred and seventy-seven), formerly known as Zhu Ruoji, a small long words, Ming imperial Jingjiang descendants. Juvenile in the palace chaos took the servant minister, after falling hair as a monk, Dharma number for the early ultra-economic, later renamed the yuan (or the original economy), there are Daci, Qingxiang elderly, bitter gourd and other aliases . Shi Tao traveled north and south for a lifetime and returned to Yangzhou to make a living as a painting artist. She is the representative of the personality school in Jiangnan in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. At the time of the painting to the orthodox “four kings ” for