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英语教学中，人们越来越重视学生的交际能力的培养，而情景交际往往是通过一问一答的对话形式实现的，所以疑问句在英语交际中有着举足轻重的作用。本文结合近几年的高考题，对一般疑问句和反意疑问句进行一些分析和讲解。
一、一般疑问句
一般疑问句几乎在历年的高考题中，都涉及到，它所考查的是学生的情景交际能力，需要结合具体的语言环境（考题中往往是通过对话形式出现）作出判断，貌似简单，实际上它涉及面广而复杂，很多学生凭汉语思维习惯而去解题导致失分。特别是随着中学英语教学从语言知识到语言能力运用的转轨，这方面的考查还会有所加强。
一般疑问句，常用肯定词yes或否定词no来回答，因此也叫是非疑问句。其基本结构是：助动词＋主语＋谓语，也就是陈述句的第一个助动词或情态动词提至主语前。陈述句若不含助动词或情态动词，则在主语前加do（does）或did,回答常用简略答语。回答一般疑问句除用yes和no外，也可以用certainly,surely,I think so, probably,perhaps, of course, all right, with pleasure等代替yes，用never, not at all,sorry,certainly not, not yet, I’m afraid not等代替no 高考题中常出现的考题也正是这些不直接用yes或no来回答的，而是注重情景交际的一般疑问句。下面将不用yes或no回答的一般疑问句分为以下几种情形：
1.回答“介意与否”：若不介意常用not at all,of course not, certainly not等;若介意常用Sorry,I’d rather not等
（2004 广东，35）——Do you mind if I open the window?
——______.I feel a bit cold. (B)
A.Of course not B.I’d rather you didn’t
C.Go ahead D.Why not
2.拒绝邀请或不能给予满意回答而表示歉意时，常指明原因：I’d love to, but I——. That’s kind of you,but I ——等。
(2007江西，21)——Will you join us in the game?
——Thank you,_____(B)
A.but why not B.but I’d rather not.
C.and I won’t. D.and I’ll join.
3.接受邀请或要求,常用I’d be glad to, I’d like/love to, with pleasure等。
(2005 山东，22)——Could you do me a favor and take these books to my office?
——Yes,_____.(D)
A.for pleasureB.I could
C.a pleasureD.with pleasure
(2004 福建，25)——Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
——_____.I love getting close to nature. (A)
A.I couldn’t agree moreB.I’m afraid not
C.I believe notD.I don’t think so
4.回答某种带有责备意味的句子，常用sorry，pardon me等。
(2007海南宁夏，全国I，21) ——Can you see the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift.——_____. (D)
A.Never mind B.Don’t mention it
C.Sure,I don’t mindD.Pardon me
(2007安徽，31)——Was Martin sorry for what he had done?
——_____.It was just like him.(C)
A.Never mind B.All right
C.Not reallyD.Not surprisingly
5.对提问作出主观判断，常用I think/hope so,I don’t think so,I hope not或I’m afraid not等。
(2006广东湛江模拟) ——Would you be able to go to the party?
——_____.(B)
A.I don’t expectB.I’m afraid not
C.I don’t think so D.I believe not
——Is the book worth reading?
——I think so.
6.对提出的问题不能确定,常用let me think/see等。
(2004全国) ——Susan,will you please go and empty that drawer?
——_____ (A)
A.What for B.What is it
C.How is itD.How come
(2007全国) ——Have you heard the latest news?
——No,what_____?(A)
A.is it B.is there C.are there D.are those
二、反意疑问句
反意疑问句（又叫附加疑问句）是附加在陈述句之后,对陈述句所表示的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。附加疑问实际上是一种简略的一般疑问句.当陈述句部分是肯定结构，其后的附加疑问句用否定结构；反之，如果陈述句部分是否定结构，其后的附加疑问句用肯定结构。
1.当陈述句的谓语动词为have的反意疑问句
1).当have作“有”讲时，反意疑问句可以有两种形式
He hasn’t any sisters, has he?
He doesn’t have any sisters, does he?
（江苏无锡 4月）—English has a large vocabulary, _____?
－Yes. Know more words and expressions and you’ll find ___ easier to read and communicate.(A)
A.hasn’t it,itB.doesn’t it,that
C.has it,whatD.does,one
2).当have作“经历，遭受，吃，得到”时，反意疑问句部分用do的适当形式
(2006广东,27) Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, ____ she?(D)
A.hadB.didC.hadn’tD.didn’t
3).当谓语动词含有have to，had to时，反意疑问句部分用do的适当形式
We have to get there at 10, don’t we?
They had to take the early train, didn’t they?
2.当陈述句的谓语动词为系动词be,助动词，情态动词时，疑问部分要重复这些动词
I am very busy, aren’t I?
There won’t be a movie tonight, will there?
You can solve the problem, can’t you?
3.当陈述句部分是“there be”结构时，反意疑问句部分用there，而不是代词。
（2005上海）There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _____?（A）
A.wasn’t there B.was there C.didn't it D.did it
There should be no problem, should there?
4.当陈述部分的谓语含有used to时，反意疑问句部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。
He used to get up early, usedn’t he?
They used to live in Jinan, didn’t they?
5.当陈述部分的谓语是had better,would rather, would like,的陈述句的反意疑问句部分用hadn’t或wouldn’t。
You’d better go now, hadn’t you?
(2006 福建，29)I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, _____?（B）
A.hadn’t you B.wouldn’t you
C. aren’t ID.didn’t she
（注：在这类型的反意疑问句中要格外注意区别简略形式：’d=had或would。you’d better引起的反意疑问句用hadn’t you, 而you’d like 或you’d rather 引起的反意疑问句用wouldn’t you.）
6.当陈述部分的谓语是wish，反意疑问部分要用may，且前后两部分均用肯定形式。
I wish to do it right now, may I?
I wish not to be disturbed when I am reading, may I?
7.陈述部分的谓语含有must时
1）当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问句部分要用needn’t.
You must see the doctor, needn’t you?
2).当含有mustn’t 表示禁止时，其反意疑问句部分要用must
You mustn’t smoke in the library, must you?
3)当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词的形式根据后边的动词形式确定。
（2006上海春，31）There is no lights in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _____? （D）
A.didn’t they B.don’t they
C.mustn’t they D.haven’t they
解析：此句的陈述句可改为I’m sure that they have gone to the lecture, 故用haven’t they。
(2006 江苏南京二模)Johnson knows much about the movie. I think that he must have seen it,____? （B）
A.doesn’t heB.hasn’t he
C.don’t I D.didn’t he
（广东湛江3月）The employee must have been dismissed by the employer last month,____? (C)
A.hasn’t heB.didn’t he
C.wasn’t heD.mustn’t he
解析：此句的陈述句可改为I’m sure that the employee was dismissed last month, 而且陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语，不能用hasn’t he, 故选wasn’t he.
It must be 11 o’clock,isn’t it?
The students must be working very hard, aren’t they?
解析：此句的陈述句可改为 I think the students are working very hard, 所以其反意疑问句应是aren’t they.
8.当陈述句部分出现表示否定意义的词，如 no, nothing, nobody, no one, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little,nowhere等词时，反意疑问句部分用肯定形式,
He never said that he was good at mathematics, ________（2005北京春季）（C）
A. was he B.wasn’t he C.did he D.didn’t he
再如：He has few good reasons for staying, has he?
解析：1）陈述句含有由un-,in-(im-,il-,ir-),dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时，则仍视之为肯定句，疑问部分须用否定形式。如：
It is unimportant to do that, isn’t it?
He was unhappy, wasn’t he?
2）如果陈述句的谓语仅是含有否定意义的的动词，反意疑问句要用否定形式。
He failed to get the expected results, didn’t he?
9.含有ought to的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，反意疑问句要用shouldn't或oughtn't。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he?/ shouldn't he?
10.陈述部分的主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that,everything,nothing,something,anything等时,反意疑问句的主语用it。
Nothing can stop us hosting the Olympic Games, can it?
(2006广东,27)(2007上海春，32）If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you. If you shout, this is no good, _____? （C）
A.do you B.don’t you C.is it D.isn’t it
11.陈述句部分的主语是不定代词everybody,everyone,anyone,anybody,somebody,someone,nobody,no one,these,those等时，反意疑问句的主语常用they
Everyone knows the results, don’t they?
No one wants to go to the supermarket, do they?
12.当陈述句的主语为such或none of…时，反意疑问句部分谓语动词的数和人称，要同前面陈述部分的谓语动词的数和人称保持一致
Such are your excuses, aren’t they?
None of his friends is interested, is he?(不能用are they)
None of his friends are excited,are they?(不能用is he)
13.祈使句的反意疑问句一般只用肯定形式
1)let’s引导的祈使句，其反意疑问句一般用“shall we”
Let’s have a meeting, shall we?
2）由动词原形引导的祈使句或let us（不是let’s,）引导的祈使句，其反意疑问句一般用“will you”
解析：let’s常用于提议，us包括对方，相当于I suggest that you and I,故其反意疑问句一般用“shall we；而let us一般表示请求对方允许自己干某事，通常不包括对方you，let相当于allow，所以它引导的反意疑问句用will you。）
（2006全国Ⅱ，7）We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _____?(C)
A.do youB.can we C.will you D.shall we
Be sure to write to us, _________? (1993全国) (A)
A.will you B.aren’t you C.can you D.mustn’t you
3)在否定祈使句后也是用“will you”
(2007北京,34)When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,_____?（C）
A.do youB.don’t you
C.will you D.won’t you
4）当祈使句要强调主语或表示急躁，厌烦，不高兴或愤怒等感情色彩，或表示向谁请求或发出命令，可有主语，除you外，还可以用不定代词one，someone, somebody, everyone,everybody 或名词。这时的反意疑问句仍用“will you”
——Alice,you feed the bird today,_________?
——But I fed it yesterday.(1999全国)(B)
A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you
14.感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定形式，而且要用be的一般现在时。在这种句子中，主语是人时用he或you等人称代词，主语是物时用it，且这类反意疑问句多用声调。
What a lovely day,isn’t it？
What a stupid man, isn’t he？
How cool the weather is, isn’t it?
15.当陈述句部分含有宾语从句或定语从句的主从复合句时，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
Mrs.Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _________? (2002 上海) (D)
A.is he B.isn’t he
C.doesn’t she D.does she
Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, ________? (2002 上海春季) (C)
A.was there B.wasn’t there
C.didn’t he D.did he
但是，若陈述句为“I (don’t)think,believe,suppose, expect,seem,imagine等＋宾语从句”时，反意疑问句的谓语动词应同宾语从句的谓语动词和主语保持一致，如果主句是否定形式，反意疑问句部分用肯定形式，反之亦然。
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer,_________? (2001 上海)(C)
A.do IB.don’t I C.will they D.won’t they
16.陈述部分为的主语为从句，动词的ing形式或不定式时，其后的反意疑问句的主语要用it.
What he lacks is courage, isn’t it?
To host the Olympics successfully is not easy,isn’t it?
对一般疑问句和反意疑问句不但要有形式的了解，更要重视意义的交流，使交际顺利实现。
一、一般疑问句
一般疑问句几乎在历年的高考题中，都涉及到，它所考查的是学生的情景交际能力，需要结合具体的语言环境（考题中往往是通过对话形式出现）作出判断，貌似简单，实际上它涉及面广而复杂，很多学生凭汉语思维习惯而去解题导致失分。特别是随着中学英语教学从语言知识到语言能力运用的转轨，这方面的考查还会有所加强。
一般疑问句，常用肯定词yes或否定词no来回答，因此也叫是非疑问句。其基本结构是：助动词＋主语＋谓语，也就是陈述句的第一个助动词或情态动词提至主语前。陈述句若不含助动词或情态动词，则在主语前加do（does）或did,回答常用简略答语。回答一般疑问句除用yes和no外，也可以用certainly,surely,I think so, probably,perhaps, of course, all right, with pleasure等代替yes，用never, not at all,sorry,certainly not, not yet, I’m afraid not等代替no 高考题中常出现的考题也正是这些不直接用yes或no来回答的，而是注重情景交际的一般疑问句。下面将不用yes或no回答的一般疑问句分为以下几种情形：
1.回答“介意与否”：若不介意常用not at all,of course not, certainly not等;若介意常用Sorry,I’d rather not等
（2004 广东，35）——Do you mind if I open the window?
——______.I feel a bit cold. (B)
A.Of course not B.I’d rather you didn’t
C.Go ahead D.Why not
2.拒绝邀请或不能给予满意回答而表示歉意时，常指明原因：I’d love to, but I——. That’s kind of you,but I ——等。
(2007江西，21)——Will you join us in the game?
——Thank you,_____(B)
A.but why not B.but I’d rather not.
C.and I won’t. D.and I’ll join.
3.接受邀请或要求,常用I’d be glad to, I’d like/love to, with pleasure等。
(2005 山东，22)——Could you do me a favor and take these books to my office?
——Yes,_____.(D)
A.for pleasureB.I could
C.a pleasureD.with pleasure
(2004 福建，25)——Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
——_____.I love getting close to nature. (A)
A.I couldn’t agree moreB.I’m afraid not
C.I believe notD.I don’t think so
4.回答某种带有责备意味的句子，常用sorry，pardon me等。
(2007海南宁夏，全国I，21) ——Can you see the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift.——_____. (D)
A.Never mind B.Don’t mention it
C.Sure,I don’t mindD.Pardon me
(2007安徽，31)——Was Martin sorry for what he had done?
——_____.It was just like him.(C)
A.Never mind B.All right
C.Not reallyD.Not surprisingly
5.对提问作出主观判断，常用I think/hope so,I don’t think so,I hope not或I’m afraid not等。
(2006广东湛江模拟) ——Would you be able to go to the party?
——_____.(B)
A.I don’t expectB.I’m afraid not
C.I don’t think so D.I believe not
——Is the book worth reading?
——I think so.
6.对提出的问题不能确定,常用let me think/see等。
(2004全国) ——Susan,will you please go and empty that drawer?
——_____ (A)
A.What for B.What is it
C.How is itD.How come
(2007全国) ——Have you heard the latest news?
——No,what_____?(A)
A.is it B.is there C.are there D.are those
二、反意疑问句
反意疑问句（又叫附加疑问句）是附加在陈述句之后,对陈述句所表示的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。附加疑问实际上是一种简略的一般疑问句.当陈述句部分是肯定结构，其后的附加疑问句用否定结构；反之，如果陈述句部分是否定结构，其后的附加疑问句用肯定结构。
1.当陈述句的谓语动词为have的反意疑问句
1).当have作“有”讲时，反意疑问句可以有两种形式
He hasn’t any sisters, has he?
He doesn’t have any sisters, does he?
（江苏无锡 4月）—English has a large vocabulary, _____?
－Yes. Know more words and expressions and you’ll find ___ easier to read and communicate.(A)
A.hasn’t it,itB.doesn’t it,that
C.has it,whatD.does,one
2).当have作“经历，遭受，吃，得到”时，反意疑问句部分用do的适当形式
(2006广东,27) Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, ____ she?(D)
A.hadB.didC.hadn’tD.didn’t
3).当谓语动词含有have to，had to时，反意疑问句部分用do的适当形式
We have to get there at 10, don’t we?
They had to take the early train, didn’t they?
2.当陈述句的谓语动词为系动词be,助动词，情态动词时，疑问部分要重复这些动词
I am very busy, aren’t I?
There won’t be a movie tonight, will there?
You can solve the problem, can’t you?
3.当陈述句部分是“there be”结构时，反意疑问句部分用there，而不是代词。
（2005上海）There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _____?（A）
A.wasn’t there B.was there C.didn't it D.did it
There should be no problem, should there?
4.当陈述部分的谓语含有used to时，反意疑问句部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。
He used to get up early, usedn’t he?
They used to live in Jinan, didn’t they?
5.当陈述部分的谓语是had better,would rather, would like,的陈述句的反意疑问句部分用hadn’t或wouldn’t。
You’d better go now, hadn’t you?
(2006 福建，29)I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, _____?（B）
A.hadn’t you B.wouldn’t you
C. aren’t ID.didn’t she
（注：在这类型的反意疑问句中要格外注意区别简略形式：’d=had或would。you’d better引起的反意疑问句用hadn’t you, 而you’d like 或you’d rather 引起的反意疑问句用wouldn’t you.）
6.当陈述部分的谓语是wish，反意疑问部分要用may，且前后两部分均用肯定形式。
I wish to do it right now, may I?
I wish not to be disturbed when I am reading, may I?
7.陈述部分的谓语含有must时
1）当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问句部分要用needn’t.
You must see the doctor, needn’t you?
2).当含有mustn’t 表示禁止时，其反意疑问句部分要用must
You mustn’t smoke in the library, must you?
3)当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词的形式根据后边的动词形式确定。
（2006上海春，31）There is no lights in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _____? （D）
A.didn’t they B.don’t they
C.mustn’t they D.haven’t they
解析：此句的陈述句可改为I’m sure that they have gone to the lecture, 故用haven’t they。
(2006 江苏南京二模)Johnson knows much about the movie. I think that he must have seen it,____? （B）
A.doesn’t heB.hasn’t he
C.don’t I D.didn’t he
（广东湛江3月）The employee must have been dismissed by the employer last month,____? (C)
A.hasn’t heB.didn’t he
C.wasn’t heD.mustn’t he
解析：此句的陈述句可改为I’m sure that the employee was dismissed last month, 而且陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语，不能用hasn’t he, 故选wasn’t he.
It must be 11 o’clock,isn’t it?
The students must be working very hard, aren’t they?
解析：此句的陈述句可改为 I think the students are working very hard, 所以其反意疑问句应是aren’t they.
8.当陈述句部分出现表示否定意义的词，如 no, nothing, nobody, no one, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little,nowhere等词时，反意疑问句部分用肯定形式,
He never said that he was good at mathematics, ________（2005北京春季）（C）
A. was he B.wasn’t he C.did he D.didn’t he
再如：He has few good reasons for staying, has he?
解析：1）陈述句含有由un-,in-(im-,il-,ir-),dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时，则仍视之为肯定句，疑问部分须用否定形式。如：
It is unimportant to do that, isn’t it?
He was unhappy, wasn’t he?
2）如果陈述句的谓语仅是含有否定意义的的动词，反意疑问句要用否定形式。
He failed to get the expected results, didn’t he?
9.含有ought to的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，反意疑问句要用shouldn't或oughtn't。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he?/ shouldn't he?
10.陈述部分的主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that,everything,nothing,something,anything等时,反意疑问句的主语用it。
Nothing can stop us hosting the Olympic Games, can it?
(2006广东,27)(2007上海春，32）If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you. If you shout, this is no good, _____? （C）
A.do you B.don’t you C.is it D.isn’t it
11.陈述句部分的主语是不定代词everybody,everyone,anyone,anybody,somebody,someone,nobody,no one,these,those等时，反意疑问句的主语常用they
Everyone knows the results, don’t they?
No one wants to go to the supermarket, do they?
12.当陈述句的主语为such或none of…时，反意疑问句部分谓语动词的数和人称，要同前面陈述部分的谓语动词的数和人称保持一致
Such are your excuses, aren’t they?
None of his friends is interested, is he?(不能用are they)
None of his friends are excited,are they?(不能用is he)
13.祈使句的反意疑问句一般只用肯定形式
1)let’s引导的祈使句，其反意疑问句一般用“shall we”
Let’s have a meeting, shall we?
2）由动词原形引导的祈使句或let us（不是let’s,）引导的祈使句，其反意疑问句一般用“will you”
解析：let’s常用于提议，us包括对方，相当于I suggest that you and I,故其反意疑问句一般用“shall we；而let us一般表示请求对方允许自己干某事，通常不包括对方you，let相当于allow，所以它引导的反意疑问句用will you。）
（2006全国Ⅱ，7）We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _____?(C)
A.do youB.can we C.will you D.shall we
Be sure to write to us, _________? (1993全国) (A)
A.will you B.aren’t you C.can you D.mustn’t you
3)在否定祈使句后也是用“will you”
(2007北京,34)When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,_____?（C）
A.do youB.don’t you
C.will you D.won’t you
4）当祈使句要强调主语或表示急躁，厌烦，不高兴或愤怒等感情色彩，或表示向谁请求或发出命令，可有主语，除you外，还可以用不定代词one，someone, somebody, everyone,everybody 或名词。这时的反意疑问句仍用“will you”
——Alice,you feed the bird today,_________?
——But I fed it yesterday.(1999全国)(B)
A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you
14.感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定形式，而且要用be的一般现在时。在这种句子中，主语是人时用he或you等人称代词，主语是物时用it，且这类反意疑问句多用声调。
What a lovely day,isn’t it？
What a stupid man, isn’t he？
How cool the weather is, isn’t it?
15.当陈述句部分含有宾语从句或定语从句的主从复合句时，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
Mrs.Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _________? (2002 上海) (D)
A.is he B.isn’t he
C.doesn’t she D.does she
Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, ________? (2002 上海春季) (C)
A.was there B.wasn’t there
C.didn’t he D.did he
但是，若陈述句为“I (don’t)think,believe,suppose, expect,seem,imagine等＋宾语从句”时，反意疑问句的谓语动词应同宾语从句的谓语动词和主语保持一致，如果主句是否定形式，反意疑问句部分用肯定形式，反之亦然。
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer,_________? (2001 上海)(C)
A.do IB.don’t I C.will they D.won’t they
16.陈述部分为的主语为从句，动词的ing形式或不定式时，其后的反意疑问句的主语要用it.
What he lacks is courage, isn’t it?
To host the Olympics successfully is not easy,isn’t it?
对一般疑问句和反意疑问句不但要有形式的了解，更要重视意义的交流，使交际顺利实现。