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传统时代宗族组织的实态如何?仅仅依靠家谱资料是难以重构的。本文以新发现的村落文书——徽州续溪宅坦村胡氏宗族的《亲逊堂宗祠会议录》(1933—1947)为主,结合族谱和其它散件文书,并辅之以社会调查,重构抗战时期徽州农村基层社会的历史场景,探讨村民参与宗族活动的深度与广度;职业及门派、人口、世代的关系;宗族的组织和功能等。这有助于考察进入近代后中国农村在传统向现代转型中的真实态势。在八年抗战的艰难岁月,传统宗族仍在国统区徽州的基层社会生活中发挥着重要作用。宗族与士绅、商人以及由他们构成的地方网络使传统庞大的国家机器与民众之间形成富有弹性的政治结构。正是这一弹性结构,使徽州乡村走过了八年抗战的艰难岁月。
What is the reality of the clan organization in the traditional era? It is difficult to reconstruct the data based solely on pedigree. In this paper, the newly discovered village instruments - Huzhou Xuan Tan Village Hu clan’s “Poon Xun Tong Ancestral Hall meeting” (1933-1947), combined with genealogies and other parts of the instrument, supplemented by social surveys, Reconstruct historical scenes of rural grass-roots society in Huizhou during the War of Resistance Against Japan, discuss the depth and breadth of the villagers’ participation in the clan activities, the relations between occupation and martial art, population and generations, the organization and functions of the clan. This will help us to examine the real situation in rural China after its entry into modern times in the transformation from tradition to modernity. In the difficult years of the eight-year war of resistance, the traditional clans still played an important role in the grassroots social life of the emblem state in the national reign. Clans and gentry, merchants, and local networks of them formed a flexible political structure between the vast traditions of state machines and the public. It is this flexible structure that has allowed Huizhou villages to walk through the difficult years of the eight-year war of resistance.