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信息不对称理论是由三位美国经济学家——约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨、乔治·阿克尔洛夫和迈克尔·斯彭斯提出的。是指在市场经济活动中,各类人员对有关信息的了解是有差异的;掌握信息比较充分的人员,往往处于比较有利的地位,而信息贫乏的人员,则处于比较不利的地位。本文主要讨论的是信息不对称如何影响供应链中库存管理博弈。在这个讲求降低生产成本的时代,所有的制造厂,无不追求将整个供应链达到完美的Justintime(JIT),因为库存在整个制造业中,会占用相当庞大的资金与管理成本。库存如果太多,则资金的周转性降低,随之而来的还有利息的成本,仓库资源的浪费,货物变质的疑虑;如果库存太少,无法满足生产的需要,会造成停工待料的损失,也会造成销售商机的浪费。而就是由于信息的不对称,无法快速的看清并应对整个市场局势的变化,造成需要依靠博弈来预测库存需求,也就相对增加了备货损失风险。
The information asymmetry theory was put forward by three American economists - Joseph Stiglitz, George Ackerlof and Michael Spence. Means that there is a difference in understanding of relevant information among various types of personnel in market economy activities; those who have adequate information tend to be in a more favorable position, while those with poor information are at a disadvantage. This article focuses on how asymmetric information affects inventory management in the supply chain. In this era of reduced production costs, all manufacturing plants pursue Justintime (JIT), which is perfect for the entire supply chain, because inventories can take a considerable amount of capital and administrative costs throughout the manufacturing industry. If the inventory is too much, then the turnover of the capital is reduced, followed by the cost of interest, the waste of warehouse resources, the deterioration of the goods; If the inventory is too small, can not meet the production needs, will result in the suspension Loss, will also result in sales of business waste. But because of information asymmetry, can not quickly see and respond to the changes in the market situation, resulting in the need to rely on the game to predict the inventory needs, it also increases the relative risk of loss of stocking.