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巴西国家图书馆成立于1810年。该馆的设立与葡萄牙王室渊源颇深。1807年,葡萄牙国王唐·若奥六世及王后D.玛利亚为逃避法国皇帝拿破仑的侵扰,将葡萄牙皇室及宫廷迁往巴西,一度定居于里约热内卢。为了收藏随身带来的珍贵图书与手稿,皇家图书馆随之组建,最初供宫廷及大臣使用。拿破仑失败后,唐·若奥六世迁回葡萄牙,但将其王子唐·彼得罗留任巴西摄政王。1814年,皇家图书馆向普通公众开放。
Brazil National Library was founded in 1810. The establishment of the museum and the deep roots of the Portuguese royal family. In 1807, the Portuguese king Don Joao VI and the Queen D. Maria to evade the French Emperor Napoleon intrusion, the Portuguese royal family and the court moved to Brazil, once settled in Rio de Janeiro. In order to collect the valuable books and manuscripts brought with him, the Royal Library was formed and was initially used by the court and the minister. After Napoleon’s defeat, Don João VI moved back to Portugal, but retained his prince Don Petro the regent of Brazil. In 1814, the Royal Library opened to the general public.