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60年代美国出现的黑色幽默文学,展示了人类面临的困境,作品对美国民族和人类自身文化的尼采式的反思和批判,宣判了人类传统的价值观念的衰落与变异。同时,又有一种回归现象闪烁其中,这使黑色幽默文学有了超越它所描绘的和展现的人类困境的意识,揭示了人类文化特别是美国文化中发展自调的机能,从而具有历史和现实的文化意义,构成了黑色幽默文学的回归意识。 一、亚当与夏娃的形象——回归现象的提出 在黑色幽默文学中,特别是冯尼古特的一些作品中,出现了亚当、夏娃的意象。他们做为人类祖先的代表,给作品注入了深邃幽秘的意蕴,就像音乐中的暗示主题。 《五号屠场》中,毕利逃难途中,备尝艰辛,还遭到同伴毒打。毕利他们被德军抓住了。毕利的眼睛盯在德军班长穿的靴子上。小说交待,德军士兵曾开玩笑说,如果往靴子的深处看,将会看到人类的祖先——亚当和夏娃。毕利不知道,可是,竟然也在靴子上看到了亚当与夏娃:他们赤身裸体,是那么天真烂漫,快乐无比,真是落落大方哩!这一意象,以不同的形式反复出现,不仅仅是作者的黑色幽默。这是毕利等饱受战争之苦的人们,对于亚当,夏娃无忧无虑的、快乐的幸福生活的心向往之。 亚当、夏娃的意象,体现了遭受了智慧的悖谬与痛苦的成熟的人类,对于自己初始状态的向往和回?
The black humorous literature that emerged in the United States in the 1960s demonstrated the plight of mankind, his reflection and criticism of the Nietzschean style of the American nation and mankind’s own culture, and the decline and variation of the values of humankind’s tradition. At the same time, there is another kind of regression phenomenon which makes the black humorous literature have a consciousness beyond the human dilemma it depicts and shows, revealing the development of the self-regulating function in human culture, especially in American culture, so as to have historical and realistic The cultural significance, constitutes the sense of return of black humor literature. First, the image of Adam and Eve - the return of the phenomenon put forward In black humor literature, especially in some of the works of von Nichoot, there Adam and Eve’s image. As representatives of human ancestors, they infuse the work with deep and secret meanings, just like the suggestive themes in music. “Slaughterhouse No. 5”, Bi Li flight on the way, had a hard time, but also been beaten by peers. Billy They were captured by the Germans. Pili’s eyes fixed on the German squad leader wearing boots. The novel confesses that German soldiers have joked that if one looks deeper into the boots, one will see the ancestors of mankind - Adam and Eve. Pilgrim did not know, however, but Adam and Eve were seen in boots as well: they were so naive, so innocent, so happy, so generous, that they repeated themselves in different forms, not just the author Black humor. This is the mindset of Billy and others who have suffered so much from the war. They care for the carefree and happy life of Adam and Eve. The images of Adam and Eve reflect the longing and recovery of their initial state, which have been enduring the paradox and suffering of wisdom.