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随着近年来TBT案件的增多,成员方基于PPM特别是npr-PPM制定实施的贸易措施能否构成TBT协定下技术法规的问题逐渐凸显出来。作为乌拉圭回合谈判各方妥协的结果,TBT协定对技术法规的界定存在结构缺陷和语义模糊,导致学者之间对上述问题存在激烈争论。通过梳理相关TBT案件可以发现,无论产品标签所传递的PPM信息是否与产品特征相关,其均可以构成技术法规;上诉机构确立的充分联系标准和对产品特征范围的解释表明,pr-PPM的含义呈现出不确定的限制性扩张趋势。虽然WTO争端解决实践在一定程度上澄清了技术法规判定中的PPM问题,但却可能对非贸易目标的保护产生新的不利影响。
With the increase of TBT cases in recent years, the question whether trade measures formulated and implemented by member countries based on PPM, especially npr-PPM, can form technical regulations under the TBT Agreement becomes increasingly prominent. As a result of the compromise of all parties in the Uruguay Round negotiations, the TBT agreement has structural defects and semantic ambiguities in the definition of technical regulations, leading to heated debates among scholars on the above issues. By reviewing the relevant TBT cases, it can be found that regardless of whether the PPM information conveyed by a product tag is related to a product’s characteristics, they may constitute technical regulations; the adequacy of contact criteria established by the appellate body and an explanation of the range of product characteristics indicate the meaning of pr-PPM Showing a trend of restrictive expansion of uncertainty. Although WTO dispute settlement practice to some extent clarified the issue of PPM in the judgment of technical regulations, it may have a new negative impact on the protection of non-trade targets.