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目的了解人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)患者(HIV/AIDS)的社会支持状况。方法对新参加静安区爱之家关怀活动的HIV/AIDS人群和部分来自上海市公共卫生临床中心门诊部的136例HIV/AIDS进行调查,采用社会支持评定量表(SSS)和基本信息表进行统一问卷调查,采用SPSS 16.0进行统计分析。结果 HIV/AIDS的总分、主观支持分、客观支持分均低于全国常模,差别有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在主观支持中,获得父母支持的比例在亲属支持中最高;在客观支持中,获得的经济支持和解决实际问题的帮助主要来源依次是配偶外的其他家人最高,仍有18.4%的调查对象遇到急难情况无任何的经济支持和解决实际问题的帮助的来源;社会支持利用:遇到烦恼时倾诉方式表现为仅7.4%的调查对象会主动诉述自己的烦恼,以获得支持和理解;不同文化程度的HIV/AIDS对支持的利用程度不同,大专及以上文化程度对支持的利用程度高于高中及以下文化程度者,已婚者社会支持总分、主观支持分和客观支持分均高于未婚或离异者。多因素分析结果发现年龄和婚姻状况是社会支持的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论针对HIV/AIDS社会支持状况的现状,提出了在AIDS防治工作中通过增加其主观和客观支持,尤其是血缘关系亲属的支持,通过切实落实“四免一关怀”政策以提高社会支持力度,增加对社会支持的利用等措施,以全方位完善HIV/AIDS的社会支持系统。
Objective To understand the social support status of people living with HIV and AIDS (HIV / AIDS). Methods A total of 136 HIV / AIDS patients who participated in the Care of Caring for AIDS House in Jing’an District and some 136 outpatient HIV / AIDS clinics in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center were surveyed using the Social Support Rating Scale (SSS) and Basic Information Form Unified questionnaire, using SPSS 16.0 for statistical analysis. Results The total scores of HIV / AIDS, subjective support and objective support were lower than the national norm, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). In subjective support, the percentage of parents receiving support was the highest among relatives. In terms of objective support, the main sources of financial support and practical problems in objective support were the highest among spouses and 18.4% of the respondents To the emergency situation without any financial support and solve the practical problems of the source of help; Social support to use: In the face of troubles when the way to talk to only 7.4% of the respondents will take the initiative to sue their troubles in order to obtain support and understanding; different cultures The level of HIV / AIDS utilization of different degrees of support, college education and above degree of support for the use of higher than the high school education and below, married social support scores, subjective support points and objective support points were higher than unmarried Or divorcees. Multivariate analysis found that age and marital status were the influencing factors of social support (P <0.05). Conclusions According to the status quo of social support for HIV / AIDS, we propose to increase social support by increasing its subjective and objective support, especially kinship support, and implementing the “Four Frees and One Cares” policy in AIDS prevention and control work Efforts to increase the use of social support and other measures to improve all aspects of HIV / AIDS social support system.