目的　探讨胸部肿瘤手术中上腔静脉及其属支切除与重建的手术方法。方法　经正中胸骨切口采用体外或体内转流手段切除肿瘤及受侵犯的上腔静脉和 /或其分支 ,然后直接修补或用生物材料、人工血管重建回心血液通道 ,随访病人治疗结果。结果　全组病人无围手术期死亡 ,重建人工血管 2 4根 ,生物血管 5根。一根人工血管术后一个月完全堵塞 ,其余血管通畅 ,但生物血管横断面有缩小趋势。 2例病人因肿瘤复发生存期不到 1年 ,余 2 0例病人仍然生存但其中一例复发带癌生存。结论　在胸部肿瘤的外科治疗中 ,经正中切口施行上腔静脉及其分支的切除与重建 ,方法可行并有利于提高病人生活质量、明显延长生存期 Objective To investigate the surgical methods of resection and reconstruction of superior vena cava and its branches during thoracic tumor surgery. Methods The tumor and the superior superior vena cava and / or its branches were excised by median or median sternotomy through the median sternotomy and then directly repaired or reconstructed with biomaterials and artificial blood vessels back to the bloodstream. The patients were followed up for treatment. Results There was no perioperative death in all patients, and 24 artificial blood vessels and 5 biological blood vessels were reconstructed. One artificial blood vessel completely clogged one month after operation, and the rest of the blood vessels were unobstructed, but the cross-section of biological vessels had a tendency to shrink. Two patients survived less than one year due to tumor recurrence, and twenty patients remained alive but one of the patients with recurrent cancer survived. Conclusions In the surgical treatment of thoracic tumors, the removal and reconstruction of the superior vena cava and its branches via the median incision are feasible and beneficial to improve the quality of life of patients and significantly prolong the survival period