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目的:研究嵌合抗原受体T细胞免疫治疗(CAR-T)后出现严重并发症的重症患儿的临床特征、治疗经过以及预后，为其提供及时干预指导方向。方法:将2015年6月1日至2020年5月31日期间，在我院接受CAR-T治疗后出现较为严重的细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)或免疫细胞相关神经毒性综合征(ICANS)，需要转入PICU进一步治疗的重症患儿作为研究对象，对其临床经过和多项实验室检查资料进行系统性回顾分析。结果:17例患儿接受CAR-T治疗后出现CRS反应进入PICU，临床症状以呼吸窘迫(13例)和循环障碍(10例)最为常见，其中7例合并有重度ICANS。输注CAR-T细胞后，血清干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)以及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平升高显著，在第(5.1±1.6)天达到峰值，发生重度CRS的患儿血清IFN-γ以及IL-6水平明显高于轻度CRS患儿(n P均<0.05)。输注CAR-T细胞后，高肿瘤负荷患儿血清中IL-6水平明显高于低肿瘤负荷患儿(n P<0.05)。出现血清TNF-α水平升高的患儿病死率更高(5/5比3/11，n P<0.05)。发生严重CRS反应的患儿更易发生4级ICANS(4/4比0/3，n P<0.05)。氧合指数(P/F值)<200 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)的患儿病死率更高(5/5比2/12，n P<0.05)，死亡组患儿的血管活性药物评分[n M(n Min，n Max)]明显高于生存组患儿[29.5(14.0，50.0)比1.5(0，25.0)，n Z＝8.000，n P＝0.027]。n 结论:血清IL-6和INF-γ是引起CRS的重要原因，高肿瘤负荷是引起血清高炎症因子水平的因素之一，呼吸系统及循环系统是最常受累的系统，对这两个系统的评估指标可以帮助判断患儿预后。“,”Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment process and prognosis of children with severe side effects after chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy(CAR-T), so as to provide evidence for timely intervention after CAR-T treatment.Methods:From June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2020, children with cytokine release syndrome(CRS)or immune cell related neurotoxicity syndrome(ICANS)who were treated with CAR-T therapy in our hospital and revealed severe effects transferred to PICU were included in the study, and their clinical course and multiple laboratory examination data were systematically analyzed.Results:Seventeen children showed CRS reaction and entered PICU after CAR-T therapy.The most common clinical symptoms were respiratory distress(13 cases) and circulatory disorder(10 cases), of which 7 cases were complicated with severe ICANS.Serum interferon -γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin-6(IL-6)levels significantly increased after CAR-T cell infusion, reaching the peak at (5.1±1.6)days.The serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 in children with severe CRS were significantly higher than those in children with mild CRS(alln P<0.05). The level of serum IL-6 in children with high tumor load was significantly higher than that in children with low tumor load(n P<0.05). The mortality rate of children with elevated level of serum TNF-α was higher(5/5 vs.3/11,n P<0.05). Children with severe CRS were more likely to develop grade 4 ICANS(4/4 vs.0/3,n P<0.05). The mortality rate of children with oxygenation index(P/F value)<200 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was higher(5/5 vs.2/12,n P<0.05). The vasoactive inotropic score[n M(n Min, n Max)] in the death group was significantly higher than that in survival group[29.5(14.0, 50.0) vs.1.5(0, 25.0), n Z=8.000, n P=0.027].n Conclusion:Serum IL-6 and IFN-γ are crucial causes of CRS.High tumor load is one of the factors causing high level of serum inflammatory factors.Respiration and circulation systems are the most frequently involved systems.Therefore, the evaluation indexes of these two systems can help us judge the prognosis of children.