近年长期机械通气的人群数量快速增长，且长期滞留重症监护室，疾病负担重，病死率高，家庭和社会也越来越关注这一特殊群体。美国和加拿大针对儿童家庭机械通气发布了管理共识，但国内外医疗资源配置差异很大，以家庭为中心的管理方案，在国内现阶段仍比较困难。本文总结国内外儿童长期机械通气的现状，希望借鉴国外经验，更好地帮助国内儿童长期机械通气患儿。“,”In recent years, the number of children with prolonged mechanical ventilation has increased rapidly, and they have been in intensive care units for a long time, resulting in a heavy disease burden and high mortality.Families and society are also paying more and more attention to this special group.The United States and Canada have issued a management consensus on mechanical ventilation for children at home, but the allocation of medical resources in China and other countries is very different, and the domestic family-centered management plan is still difficult at this stage.This review summarized the current status of long-term mechanical ventilation in children in China and other countries, and hoped to learn from foreign experience to help domestic children with long-term mechanical ventilation better.