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【目的】比较前牵引（FM ）与前牵引联合上颌快速扩弓（RM E）对青少年Ⅲ类错牙合患者牙颌矫治效果的影响。【方法】35例上颌发育不足的青少年Ⅲ类错牙合患者分别进行单纯前牵引（FM组，13例）及前牵引联合上颌快速扩弓（FM＋RM E组，22例）矫治。通过测量矫治前后头颅定位侧位片8个角度和8条线距，比较两种矫治方法对牙颌矫治的疗效。【结果】两组矫治前各个角度和线距测量值比较无统计学差异（ P ＞0．05）；FM 组矫治后PP‐SN角、Co‐Gn距和Go‐Me距与矫治前比较无统计学差异（ P ＞0．05），其余各角度和线距矫治前后的比较均有统计学差异（ P＜0．05）。FM＋RME组矫治前后PP‐SN角、U1‐SN角、Co‐Gn距和Go‐Me距比较无统计学差异（ P ＞0．05）；其余各角和线距测量值矫治前后的比较均有统计学差异（ P ＜0．05）。组间比较：FM 组上前牙（U1‐SN角）发生了更多的唇倾，而FM＋RM E组上颌骨更多的发生了前移（Wits值），其余各值在两组间无统计学差异（ P ＞0．05）。【结论】FM 可使上颌骨前移，下颌骨产生顺时针旋转，而FM＋RM E疗效更明显。“,”[Objective] To compare the skeletal and dental outcomes of face mask (FM)with and without rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in adolescents with maxillary retrognathia .[Methods] There were 16 males and 19 females with an age range of 8~13 years .Pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs were ana‐lyzed for skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion .They were divided into two groups of FM alone ( n =13) and FM plus RME ( n=22) .Eight cephalometric linear and eight angular variables were measured to assess the skeletal and dental changes .Within‐group and between‐group comparisons were determined by paired t‐test .[Results] For‐ward displacement of maxilla and clockwise rotation of mandible occurred in two groups .The maxillary‐mandibular relationship existed .Most indices presented statistical significance within group .However ,only U1‐SN and Wits were different between groups .[Conclusion] Forward movement of maxilla and clockwise rotation of mandible may be obtained in adolescents after face masking .Yet RME can further improve the treatment outcomes .