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承包制已在全国范围内推广,并取得可观的经济效益,因而引起国人注目。若要寻根究源,我国历史上最早提出承包思想的,当属《管子》。有书为证: 桓公曰:“衡谓寡人曰:‘请以令断山木,鼓山铁,是可以无籍而用足。’管子对曰“不可。今发徒隶而作之,则逃亡而不守。发民,则下疾怨上,边竟有兵,则怀宿怨而不战。未见山铁之利而内败矣。故善者不如与民,量其重,计其赢,民得其七,君得其三。有杂之以轻重,守之以高下。若此,则民疾作而为上虏矣。”《管子·轻重乙》作者托名叫衡的人,建议桓公,(由国家出面,亲自经营)砍树鼓炉铸铁。管子断然否决此议。其理由是:如果派罪犯去劳动,则易于逃亡;如果派民工去干,则产生怨气。一旦边境有兵,老百姓也会厌战的。最好的办法莫如“与民”即交由老百姓自己经营,(国家)核计其产量与盈利,实行三七分成办法。即国家得三成,老百姓得七成。这样,再运用价格政策,老百姓就会尽力经营了。
The contract system has been popularized nationwide and has achieved considerable economic benefits, thus attracting people's attention. To find root cause, the earliest history of our country proposed contracting ideas, when the “pipe.” There is a book as evidence: Huan said: “Heng said:” Please order to cut off the mountain wood, Gushan iron, is free to use enough. “Pipe on the saying” not. Now send fathers and act, then run away without keeping. Fat people, then under grievances, as far as there are soldiers, then Huai places without fighting. Did not see the benefits of the mountain iron defeat carry on. Therefore, good people are not as good as people, weighing their weight and counting their winners, winning seven of them and winning the third. Mixed with severity, keep the high. If this is the civil service for the Shangru carry on. “The name of the pipe, light and heavy, B” was proposed by Huan Gong, and Huan Kung was advised to cut down the drum cast iron from the pipe. The reason for this is that if criminals were sent to work, they would be easy If the migrant workers to go to work, then there are grievances .Once the border there soldiers, civilians will also wear the war.The best way is “like the people” that is by ordinary people to run their own (nuclear) production and profit accounting, the implementation of three Seven is divided into ways, that is, the state gets 30%, and the common people get 70% .Thus, using the price policy, ordinary people will try their best to run the business.