多原发恶性肿瘤(MPMT)亦称重复癌,系指同一宿主在同一器官或成对器官、同一系统不同部位以及不同系统的器官同时或先后,发生两个以上的原发性恶性肿瘤。近年来,由于恶性肿瘤的诊疗方法改进;外源性致癌因素的增加以及放射疗法和放射性同位素的广泛应用;加之人类平均寿命的延长,MPMT 病例有日益增多之势。由于对 MPMT 缺乏识别能力,因而在恶性肿瘤的手术中满足于找到一个癌瘤病灶,而将可能同时存在的第二乃至更多的癌瘤病灶遗漏,或将其误认为原发癌瘤的复发而错过根治的机会,从而给病人带来不可挽回的损失。实践告诉我们,提高对于 MPMT 的认识和警惕是有其实际意义。现将我们近年来 Multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMT), also known as repeated cancers, refer to the occurrence of two or more primary malignancies in the same host or in a pair of organs, in different parts of the same system, or in different systems. In recent years, due to the improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors; the increase in exogenous carcinogenic factors; and the widespread use of radiotherapy and radioisotopes; and the prolongation of the average life span of humans, MPMT cases have been increasing. Due to the lack of recognition ability of MPMT, it is satisfied to find a cancerous tumor in the operation of malignant tumor, and misses the second or even more cancerous tumor that may be present at the same time, or mistaken it as the recurrence of primary cancer. And miss the opportunity to cure, and thus bring irreparable damage to the patient. Practice tells us that raising awareness and vigilance about MPMT is of practical significance. Now we have been in recent years