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为评估黑龙江省水稻品种的遗传基础,利用24个用于水稻DNA指纹图谱构建的SSR标记以及其他均匀分布于水稻12条染色体的38个SSR标记,对黑龙江省近年审定的73个水稻常规稻品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,在62个SSR标记位点中,共检测到142个等位基因,平均每个标记2.3个,多态性比率平均为71.0%,多态性频率变幅为0~0.775,平均值为0.246。供试品种间两两遗传相似系数的平均值为0.759,变幅为0.622~0.966,且96.4%的品种间遗传相似系数在0.66~0.86之间,表明供试的73个品种亲缘关系较近。通过SSR标记基因型聚类分析将这些品种划分为6个类群,与系谱分析趋势一致,类群间的差异主要表现在生育期和米质方面。综上所述,黑龙江省近年审定的水稻品种遗传基础狭窄,在育种中需要导入新的种质资源,加强种质资源创新,以期丰富水稻品种的遗传多样性,进一步提高水稻产量和抗性。
In order to evaluate the genetic basis of rice varieties in Heilongjiang Province, 24 SSR markers for rice DNA fingerprinting and 38 SSR markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes of rice were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 73 rice conventional rice cultivars Genetic diversity analysis. The results showed that in the 62 SSR markers, 142 alleles were detected, with an average of 2.3 markers per marker. The average polymorphism rate was 71.0% and the polymorphism frequency ranged from 0 to 0.775. The average Is 0.246. The average of genetic similarity coefficient between the two cultivars was 0.759, the amplitude was 0.622 ~ 0.966, and the genetic similarity coefficient between 96.4% was between 0.66 and 0.86, indicating that the 73 cultivars tested had the closest genetic relationship. By SSR marker genotyping cluster analysis, these cultivars were divided into six groups, which were in line with the trend of pedigree analysis. The differences among the groups were mainly in the growth period and the quality of rice. In summary, the genetic basis of rice varieties examined and approved in recent years in Heilongjiang Province is narrow. In breeding, it is necessary to introduce new germplasm resources and enhance germplasm resources innovation so as to enrich the genetic diversity of rice varieties and further increase the yield and resistance of rice.