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南海南北缘具有不同地球物理特征和地质构造特征。南海北缘新生代盆地为断陷型盆地;南海南缘则发育周缘前陆盆地、板缘拉张盆地。北缘盆地的沉降以两幕发展为特征,南缘的盆地的沉降以三幕发展为特征。南海北缘盆地经历了古新世—始新世盆地形成时期、渐新世—中中新世盆地发展期、晚中新世—第四纪盆地成熟期三个阶段;南海南缘盆地经历了古新世—中始新世初始盆地形成、晚始新世—中中新世盆地发展、中中新世末盆地遭受压扭改造、晚中新世—第四纪盆地定型期四个阶段。造成南北缘差异的原因是边缘性质不同:北缘为拉张型边缘;南缘北侧是拉张型边缘,南缘南侧是挤压型边缘。
The South and the South China Sea have different geophysical and geological characteristics. The Cenozoic basins in the northern margin of the South China Sea are fault-type basins. In the southern margin of the South China Sea, peripheral foreland basins and plate margin stretch the basin. The subsidence in the northern margin of the basin is characterized by the development of the two acts. The sedimentation of the southern margin of the basin is characterized by the development of the three acts. The northern margin of the South China Sea experienced three stages of the Paleocene-Eocene basin formation, the Oligocese-Miocene basin development and the late Miocene-Quaternary basin maturation. The southern margin of the South China Sea experienced In the Paleocene-Eocene initial basin, the Late Eocene-Middle Miocene basin was developed. During the Middle Miocene, the basin experienced compressional-to-torsional transformation and the Late Miocene-Quaternary basin was in four stages. The reason for the difference between the North and South margins is that they have different edge characteristics: the northern margin is a stretch-edged edge; the north edge of the southern margin is a stretch-edged edge and the south edge of the southern edge is a squeezed edge.