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一、工业控制计算机的形成和发展计算机在工业控制领域中的应用开始于50年代末。50年代末到60年代初,美国和英国在化工、炼油、造纸等生产过程中进行了计算机应用的研究和开发。但在这一时期内工业控制用计算机发展缓慢,并且主要采用模拟技术。到1968年,全世界在工业过程控制系统中配置的计算机只有2890台套。整个60年代在线应用的计算机总量也只有近3000台套。从60年代末到70年代,工业控制计算机的发展初具规模,数字技术逐渐得到发展,传统的模拟技术与之相比相形见拙。因此,数字技术设备比例不断上升,模拟技术设备比例逐渐下降。但为了适合用户的习惯和需要,一般采取数字技术与模拟技术并用的形式。所以这一时期工业控制计算机是包括数字技术、模拟技术,或二者相结合的混合型计算机。1977年,全世界工业控制计算机的总数达到5万台套。70年代初微处理机的诞生和1975年分散型控制系统的问世是工业控制计算机技术发展史上的重大事
First, the formation and development of industrial control computer The application of computer in the field of industrial control began in the late 1950s. From the late 1950s to the early 1960s, the United States and Britain conducted research and development in computer applications in the chemical, refining and paper-making industries. However, computers for industrial control were slow to develop during this period and mainly used analogue techniques. By 1968 there were only 2,890 computers in industrial process control systems in the world. The total number of computers used online throughout the 1960s was only about 3,000. From the late 1960s to the 1970s, the development of industrial control computers began to take shape. Digital technologies gradually developed and traditional analog technologies were scarce compared with them. As a result, the proportion of digital technology equipment is on the rise, and the proportion of analog technology equipment is gradually declining. However, in order to adapt to the user’s habits and needs, generally take the form of digital technology and analog technology. So this period of industrial control computer is a hybrid computer that includes digital technology, analog technology, or a combination of the two. In 1977, the total number of industrial control computers in the world reached 50,000 sets. The birth of Microprocessors in the early 1970s and the advent of decentralized control systems in 1975 were major events in the history of industrial computer technology