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本文回顾了东非和西印度洋的岛屿在海藻、软体动物、鱼类和甲壳类动物的沿海养殖经验和状况。在许多方面,这一地区的沿海水产养殖仍处于发展初期,迫切需要制定旨在提高收入,确保沿海居民对可担负的蛋白质的获得的发展战略。本文也吸取了世界其它地区正反两方面的经验。用养殖对饲料和苗种的需要以及它对红树林的改变来说明,一些水产养殖活动是如何构成对全球海洋食品生产的净损失。在承认水产养殖是一个生态过程的基础上,本文提出了总体的和具体的可持续性指导方针。最后,本文得出结论,如果不能清楚地认识水产养殖业对自然生态系统的依赖性,它在这一地区发展就不可能完全发挥潜力。
This article reviews the experience and status of coastal farming of seaweeds, molluscs, fish and crustaceans in the islands of East Africa and the West Indian Ocean. In many ways, coastal aquaculture in this area is still in its early stages of development and there is an urgent need to develop a development strategy aimed at increasing incomes and ensuring that coastal inhabitants have access to affordable protein. This article also draws on both the pros and cons of the rest of the world. The need for feed and seed and the changes that it makes to mangroves, using farmed aquaculture, illustrate how some aquaculture activities constitute a net loss of global marine food production. Building on the recognition that aquaculture is an ecological process, this article proposes general and specific sustainability guidelines. Finally, the paper concludes that without a clear understanding of aquaculture’s dependence on natural ecosystems, its development in this area will not be fully realized.