一日本琉球中国语官话的五种课本日本的冲绳县,旧称琉球,位于日本之南,中国台湾东北,包括太平洋上的大小五十多个岛屿,西元十四世纪中叶,琉球国由三个独立的王国——中山国、山南国、山北国分别统治着,后来中山国统一琉球全岛,成立了一个独立小王国。由历史的角度来看,琉球(1879年——明治12年改称冲绳县至今)从明初洪武5年(1372年),明太祖向琉球国诏告明王朝建立蕃属关系始就和中国有正式的贸易往来。两国之间除了贸易交易关系之外,政治上也有很密切的关系。琉球国自永乐2年(1404年,琉球武宁王时期)起一直到清朝同治5年(1866年,琉球最后的国王尚秦王时期)止前后接受中国的册封长达大约五百年之久。通过和明朝的交往,琉球不仅在经济上、政治上获利,在文化上也受到影响。洪武25年(1392年)“闽人三十六姓”从福建迁移到琉球定居,同年琉球方面也采用了留学生制度。留学生分官派与私费两类。官派者曰官生,私费者曰勤学人。官生最初多是王室 A Japanese Ryukyu Chinese Mandarin five textbooks Okinawa Prefecture of Japan, formerly known as Ryukyu, located in the south of Japan, northeast of Taiwan, China, including the size of more than 50 islands in the Pacific, the mid-fourteenth century, the Ryukyu state by the three independent Kingdom - Zhongshan, Shannan, Shanbei respectively ruled, and later Zhongshan unified the island of Ryukyu, the establishment of an independent small kingdom. From a historical point of view, Ryukyu (renamed Okinawa Prefecture in 1879 - 12) has been dating from the early Ming Dynasty (in 1372) to Ming Dynasty Formal trade. Apart from the trade and trade relations between the two countries, there is also a very close political relationship. The Ryukyu State accepted the seal of China for about five hundred years from the time of Yongle 2 (1404, Ryukyu Wuning period) until 5 years of the Qing Dynasty (1866, the last king of Ryukyu). Through contacts with the Ming Dynasty, Ryukyu not only benefited economically and politically, but also suffered cultural influences. Hongwu 25 years (1392) “Fujian thirty-six surname ” moved from Fujian to Ryukyu settlement, Ryukyu also adopted the same year the system of foreign students. Foreign students divided into two categories and private parties. Officials official said officials, private persons who diligently study. Officials are mostly royal at first