文化史是历史研究中一门最复杂的分支学科。因为它要求从事这项研究工作的人不仅受过训练和掌握历史学家的工具,而且还要拥有文学和艺术方面行家的分析技能、社会学家的方法论知识以及政治理论家熟练运用概念的能力。正如威廉斯(Williams)在其《漫长的革命》一书中所说的,文化史学家的研究工作是阐述那些在 Cultural history is one of the most complex branches of history. Because it requires those engaged in this research not only to be trained and mastered by the historian’s tools but also to possess the analytical skills of experts in literary and artistic genres, the sociologist’s methodological knowledge, and the ability of political theorists to use concepts proficiently. As Williams wrote in his book The Long Revolution, the work of cultural historians is to elaborate on the