Down综合征伴暂时性骨髓异常增生,是一种较少见的疾病,早期最难与Down综合征并先天性白血病鉴别。现将我们遇到的1例报道如下: 患儿,男,6天,1983年12月26日出生,第3胎,第2产,足月顺产,体重3,100克,啼哭响亮,出生后1小时出现气促,面色青紫。经注射青霉素,洛贝林,吸氧以后好转,次日停止吸氧。12月31日又气促,青紫,发热,由产科转入我科。体检:体温38.5℃,表浅淋巴结无肿大,眉间宽,两眼外侧上斜,鼻翼搧动,口唇紫绀,口半开伸舌,硬腭窄,口喷泡沫,肺呼吸音粗糙,心率156次,无杂音,腹稍 Down syndrome with temporary myelodysplasia, is a rare disease, the most difficult early identification of Down syndrome and congenital leukemia. We now encounter a case reported as follows: Children, male, 6 days, born December 26, 1983, the third child, second, full-term birth, weight 3,100 grams, crying loud, 1 hour after birth appear Shortness of breath, looking bruising After injection of penicillin, Lobelin, oxygen improved after the next day to stop oxygen. December 31 and shortness of breath, bruising, fever, transferred from obstetrics to our department. Physical examination: body temperature 38.5 ℃, no swelling of superficial lymph nodes, wide eyebrows, lateral tilt on both eyes, nose flap, cyanosis of the mouth, half mouth open tongue, hard palate narrow, mouth spray foam, lung breath sounds rough, heart rate 156 Times, no noise, belly slightly