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为利用农业废弃物制备生物质材料,以稻秸秆、麦秸秆、花生秸秆、稻壳、麦壳及花生壳为填充材料,以骨胶为基体材料,采用模压成型工艺制备六种生物质植物纤维/骨胶复合材料,对六种植物纤维成分进行测试,对其制备的生物质复合材料的力学性能、吸湿性能、表面官能团和热稳定性进行分析,用体视显微镜观察复合材料拉伸断面的微观结构。结果表明,麦秸秆纤维素含量较高,稻秸秆纤维素含量仅次之。同种生物质的秸秆比其壳制备的复合材料性能好,其中稻秸秆/骨胶复合材料有较好的界面相容性和力学性能,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为4.14MPa、4.89kJ/m~2,比稻壳/骨胶复合材料分别高118%、22.6%,比麦秸秆和花生秸秆制备的复合材料分别高4.42%、37.3%和56.9%、20.8%。稻秸秆/骨胶复合材料的抗吸湿性能较好,平衡吸湿率为12.35%,比麦秸秆、花生秸秆、麦壳、稻壳、花生壳制备的复合材料分别低27.11%、16.72%、19.36%、0.04%、15.97%。麦秸秆由于表面蜡质层,其与骨胶制备复合材料的性能较差。六种生物质复合材料中,稻壳/骨胶复合材料的热稳定性较好。
In order to prepare biomass materials from agricultural wastes, rice straw, wheat straw, peanut straw, rice hulls, wheat hulls and peanut shells were used as filling materials and bone glue was used as matrix materials. Six kinds of biomass plant fiber / The composite materials were tested on six kinds of plant fibers. The mechanical properties, hygroscopicity, surface functional groups and thermal stability of the composites were analyzed. The microstructure of the tensile cross section was observed with stereomicroscope . The results showed that the content of cellulose in wheat straw was higher and the content of cellulose in straw was the second. The straw of the same kind of biomass has better performance than the composite prepared from its shell, in which the rice straw / gum composite has good interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties, the tensile strength and impact strength are 4.14MPa, 4.89kJ / m ~ 2, which was 118% and 22.6% higher than that of rice hull / bone glue composites respectively, which were 4.42%, 37.3% and 56.9% and 20.8% higher than those of wheat straw and peanut straw respectively. Compared with the composites prepared from wheat straw, peanut straw, wheat husk, rice hull and peanut hull, the rice straw / bone glue composites showed a lower moisture absorption capacity of 12.35%, lower moisture absorption of 27.11%, 16.72% and 19.36% 0.04%, 15.97%. Wheat straw due to the surface waxy layer, the performance of composite materials with bone glue worse. Among the six biomass composites, the thermal stability of rice husk / bone glue composite is better.