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90年代初受海湾危机和战争的影响,中东地区的国内生产总值1991年下降了4.9％,中东贸易市场一度有所萎缩。①随着海湾战后重建工作的展开和经济调整与改革取得成效,中东经济很快摆脱了海湾战争投下的阴影,开始呈现出新的发展势头。中东阿拉伯国家的国内生产总值增长率1992年达到创纪录的14％,1993年增长约4％;国际收支逆差则由1991年的470亿美元大幅度降低到1992年的120亿美元。②引人注目的是,中东地区的经贸格局正在发生实质性的重大变化:由于中东和平进程加快,阿以和谈取得突破性进展,阿以双方由对抗走向和解,朝着加强经贸合作、促进共同发展的方向迈进。在这种有利形势下,中东贸易市场的发展明显呈上升的趋势,在国际经贸领域发挥着日益重要的作用和影响,其主要表现有以下几方面:
At the beginning of the 1990s, affected by the Gulf crisis and war, the GDP of the Middle East dropped by 4.9% in 1991, and the Middle East trade market once contracted. 1 With the start of the post-war reconstruction of the Gulf and economic adjustments and reforms, the Middle East economy quickly emerged from the shadow cast by the Gulf War and began to show new development momentum. The growth rate of the gross domestic product of Arab countries in the Middle East reached a record 14% in 1992 and about 4% in 1993. The balance of payments deficit has dropped from 47 billion U.S. dollars in 1991 to 12 billion U.S. dollars in 1992. 2 What is striking is that the economic and trade pattern in the Middle East is undergoing a substantive and major change: As the peace process in the Middle East is accelerating, the Arab-Israeli peace talks have made breakthrough progress. The Arabs and Israelis have turned from confrontation to reconciliation, and have stepped up economic and trade cooperation and promote common development. The direction of development is moving forward. In this favorable situation, the development of the Middle East trade market has clearly shown an upward trend, and it has played an increasingly important role and influence in the international trade and economic field. Its main performance is as follows: