道德理论上的“司芬克斯之谜” 道德与幸福的关系,是伦理思想史上长期争论的一个重要问题。几乎所有的伦理思想家都以不同的形式这样那样地涉及到了这一问题。之所以如此,就在于这一看似平常但其实内含着对于道德问题的基本的理解。道德的本质是什么,它与人们的利益有无联系?从幸福,尤其是从个人幸福能否引出道德?人们为什么要有道德,是利益的驱使,还是其他什么力量?德行与幸福是统一的,还是相互排斥的?等等,不同的伦理学家对此作出了不同的回答。其中最具代表性的有两种观点:一是经验主义幸福论,一是以康德为代表的义务论。在经验主义幸福论看来,一方面,道德的基础就在于人的感性经验和利益。道德之必需,因为它能够给人们带来快乐和幸福。快 The relationship between ethics and happiness in “the mystery of Stephen Finks” in moral theory is an important issue in the long-term controversy in the history of ethics. Almost all ethic thinkers address this issue in different ways in so doing. The reason for this is that this seemingly ordinary but in fact contains a basic understanding of the moral issues. Is there any connection between morality and people’s interests? Does it lead to morality from happiness, especially from personal happiness? Why should people have morality, driven by interests or other forces? Morality and happiness are unified Or are they mutually exclusive? And so on, different ethicists have given different answers. One of the most representative of two views: First, empirical happiness theory, one is represented by Kant’s obligation theory. In the view of Empiricism Happiness, on the one hand, the foundation of morality lies in the perceptual experience and interests of human beings. Moral necessity, because it can bring happiness and happiness to people. fast