在文学流派史与文艺思潮史上,“浪漫派”与“浪漫主义”、“现代派”与“现代主义”是可以通用的,而“自然派”和“自然主义”有时却是两回事。这里说的“自然派”不是十九世纪后半期法国左拉提倡的、以龚古尔兄弟等为代表的“自然主义”,而是指十九世纪上半期以果戈理为代表的、由别林斯基所提倡的文学现实主义。十九世纪上半期出现这种真实反映生活的新文学流派时,它还没有用“现实主义”这个概念来自 In the history of literary schools and the history of literary and art trends, “romanticism”, “romanticism”, “modernism” and “modernism” are universal, while “naturalism” and “naturalism” are sometimes different. The term “naturalist” here is not “naturalism” advocated by French Zola in the second half of the nineteenth century, represented by the Goncourt brothers, but rather by Gogol in the first half of the nineteenth century The literary realism advocated by Linsky. When this new literary genre that truly reflected life appeared in the first half of the nineteenth century, it did not come from the notion of “realism”