城市污染、土地荒漠化、物种灭绝、气候剧烈变化,这一系列问题呈现出中国经济发展的环境高成本性。减少经济发展过程中的环境外部性,是中国经济实现可持续发展的必然选择。中国共产党十八大工作报告中指出,要加强生态文明建设,即在经济快速发展的过程中,将加大环境治理力度。近些年,温室气体过度排放导致的全球气候变暖问题已经受到了世界各国的关注,而人 Urban pollution, land desertification, species extinction, and dramatic climate change have brought about a series of problems such as the high cost of environment for China’s economic development. Reducing the environmental externalities in the process of economic development is the inevitable choice for China’s economy to achieve sustainable development. The report on the work of the 18th CPC National Congress pointed out: To strengthen ecological civilization construction, that is, in the course of rapid economic development, we will step up efforts in environmental governance. In recent years, the issue of global warming caused by excessive emissions of greenhouse gases has attracted the attention of all countries in the world.