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目的为了解武汉市企业工作场所铅危害状况,为职业卫生防治提供理论基础。方法应用武汉市职业病防治院2008-2012年对武汉市工作场所铅危害因素的检测资料,将所需信息用SPSS 16.0进行统计描述和卡方检验分析。结果检测了2008-2012年武汉市43家企业,共有检测点536个,其中不合格点130个,不合格率24.25%。铅的超标率2009年较2008年有所增加,后逐年降低,卡方检验结果显示不同年份铅危害场所空气中铅超标有显著差异(P<0.05)。中小型企业铅超标率最高,中型企业其次,未发现大型企业有超标情况,不同规模企业超标率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。电池制造厂铅的超标率最高,为46.46%,塑料制造厂、汽车修理业其次,电子设备制造厂最低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在不同性质企业铅超标率不同,外资企业最高,其次为内资企业,港澳台资企业超标率最低,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 5年来武汉地区总体铅的职业性危害得到一定程度的缓解,但中小型蓄电池制造厂及塑料制造厂生产环境中铅的超标率仍需要关注。
Objective To understand the hazardous situation of lead in the workplace of enterprises in Wuhan and to provide theoretical basis for occupational health control. Methods Wuhan occupational disease prevention and treatment hospital from 2008 to 2012 in Wuhan workplace risk factors of lead testing data, the required information using SPSS 16.0 statistical description and chi-square test analysis. Results A total of 436 enterprises in Wuhan City were examined from 2008 to 2012, with a total of 536 detection points, of which 130 failed, with an unqualified rate of 24.25%. The excess of lead in 2009 increased from 2009 to 2008 and then decreased year by year. The results of Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference (P <0.05) in lead over-air in lead-hazardous places in different years. Small and medium-sized enterprises had the highest rate of lead exceeding the standard. Second, medium-sized enterprises did not find any over-standard of large-scale enterprises, and there was significant difference (P <0.05) between the over-standard rates of enterprises of different scales. Battery factory lead exceeded the highest rate of 46.46%, plastic factory, auto repair industry, followed by electronic equipment manufacturing plant lowest, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In different types of enterprises lead exceeded the rate of different, the highest foreign-funded enterprises, followed by domestic-funded enterprises, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan funded enterprises the lowest rate exceeded, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The overall occupational hazards of lead in Wuhan area have been alleviated to a certain extent in the past 5 years. However, the excessive lead content in the production environment of small and medium-sized battery factories and plastic factories still needs attention.