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说到化石,人们很自然地想到博物馆中陈列的高大恐龙骨架、奇异的三叶虫、形如羊角的珊瑚、坚硬如石的贝壳。这些都是远古时代动物的骨骼或硬壳,经石化的产物。动物的硬体部分,如壳体、骨骼、牙齿等,主要由矿物质组成,容易形成化石。而动物的软躯体则容易腐烂,难以保存为化石,必须有特殊的埋藏条件才行。生物软躯体化石得以保存的具体环境条件可能各不相同,但它们都有一个共同点,这就是生物活体或尸体迅速被掩埋,在软体腐烂之前与腐化微生物隔离,并且快速矿化。保存在琥珀中的昆虫和冻土中的猛犸象,是其中典型代表。
When it comes to fossils, people naturally think of tall dinosaur skeletons displayed in museums, exotic trilobites, corals in the shape of croissants, and hard, stone-like shells. These are the bones or crusts of ancient animals, petrified products. The hard parts of animals, such as shells, bones, teeth, etc., are mainly composed of minerals that are easy to form fossils. The animal’s soft body is easy to decay, it is difficult to save as fossils, burial conditions must have a special Caixing. The specific environmental conditions in which biological soft body fossils can be preserved may vary, but they all have one thing in common, that is, the biological living body or body is quickly buried, isolated from the decomposing microorganisms prior to the decay of the body, and rapidly mineralized. Among the insects and frozen mammoths preserved in amber are typical examples.