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(一) 一八七一年革命的歷史背景與社會根源第二帝国的压迫一八四八年,法國產業資產階級,小資產階級和無產階級聯合起来推翻了代表金融大資產階級的‘七月王朝’,成立了‘第二共和國’;但由於‘法國資產階級抵抗勞動的無產階級底統治’(註一),一八五一年,拿破崙第三乘機掌握了政權,建立‘第二帝國’。其時,法國資本主義已接近衰落,法國的資產階級也漸漸由革命的階級轉變爲反動的階級了。十九世紀六十年代,‘第二帝國’的反動統治已引起了廣大人民的不满。統治階級‘每年從法國農民抽取如此多的利息,使其數额,簡直与英國全部國債底每年債息相等……一千六百萬的農民(包括婦女與小孩)居住於洞
1. The Historical Background and Social Causes of the Revolution in 1871 The Oppression of the Second Empire In 1848, the French industrial bourgeoisie, petty bourgeoisie and the proletariat unite to overthrow the ’big capitalist bourgeoisie’ Dynasty ’and founded’ the Second Republic. ’However, because of the’ proletarian rule of the French bourgeoisie against labor ’(Note 1), in 1851 Napoleon took the third opportunity to seize power and establish the’ Second Reich ’ . At that time, French capitalism was approaching its decline, and the French bourgeoisie gradually transformed itself from a revolutionary class into a reactionary class. In the 1860s, the reactionary rule of the “Second Reich” has aroused the dissatisfaction of the broad masses of people. The ruling class’ draws so much interest each year from French farmers that it amounts to an annual debt equivalent to the annual total debt burden in Britain ... 16 million peasants (including women and children) live in caves