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从荔枝的栽培历史看来,荔枝的原产地在华南是肯定无疑的。但华南还有没有野生荔枝生长,植物学家的看法不一。1955年据徐样浩调查认为在广东南部雷州半岛和海南岛的森林中,现在仍可发现野生状态的大荔枝树存在。1956年从后,在党的领导下,发动群众,大规模地进行资源调查工作,进一步发现和证实了海南岛确有大量的野生荔枝存在,雷州半岛、粤西和桂东地区也有一些野生荔枝分布。 野生荔枝为耐阴性大乔木,高达32米,胸高直径达140厘米,树干正直,板状根发达且呈放射状;树皮带棕褐色,平滑,枝向上或平展;小枝纤细。叶互生,具柄,为偶数羽状复叶,有小叶2-4对,小叶薄革质,披针形、长椭圆形或椭圆状倒披针形,长6-14厘米,宽2.5-5厘米,先端渐尖或短尖,基部短尖,叶面深绿色,光亮,叶背稍粉绿,侧脉不明显,小叶柄长4-6毫米。圆锥花序顶生,长约11厘米,宽6厘米,被黄褐色小柔毛;部分花集成聚(纟散)状,有花数朵。花淡黄绿色,直径2-3毫米,花柄长约2毫米;花萼杯状,被毛;雄蕊通常7枚;子房具短辆,倒心形,2-3裂。果椭圆状圆球形,成熟时红色,长2.4厘米,宽2厘米,先端浑圆;果炳纤细,直径1-1.5毫米;果皮的龟裂片大小不很相等,排列也不很整齐,多为菱形或多角形,向外略突起呈金字塔形,但先端略纯;种子长椭圆形,长18毫米,宽11毫米,黑褐?
It seems from the cultivation history of lychee, litchi origin in South China is certain. But there is no wild litchi growth in southern China, botanists have different views. According to Xu’s investigation in 1955, wild lychee trees could still be found in the forests of Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island in southern Guangdong. Since 1956, under the leadership of the party, mobilizing the masses and carrying out resource surveys on a large scale has further discovered and confirmed that there are indeed a large number of wild lychees in Hainan Island. There are also some wild lychees in Leizhou Peninsula, western Guangdong and eastern Guangxi distributed. Wild lychee is a shade-tolerant large tree, up to 32 meters, chest height of 140 cm in diameter, straight stems, plate root developed and radial; bark with brown, smooth, branches upward or flat; Leaves alternate, with handles, even pinnate, with 2-4 leaflets, leaflets thinly leathery, lanceolate, oblong or elliptic-oblanceolate, 6-14 cm long, 2.5-5 2.5-5 Cm, apex acuminate or mucronate, base shortly pointed, leaf blade dark green, shiny, dorsal greenish, lateral veins inconspicuous, pedicel 4-6 mm long. Panicles top, ca. 11 cm, 6 cm wide, yellowish brown pubescent; part polygamous polygamous, with a few flowers. Flowers yellowish green, 2-3 mm in diam., Ca. 2 mm. Calyx cup-shaped, coat; stamens usually 7. Ovary with short, inverted heart-shaped, 2-3-lobed. Fruit oblong spherical, red when mature, 2.4 cm long, 2 cm wide, apex rounded; fruit Bing slender, diameter 1-1.5 mm; peel the size of the lobed is not equal, not very neat arrangement, mostly rhombus Or polygonal, protruding slightly outward pyramid, but the apex slightly pure; seeds oblong, 18 mm long, 11 mm wide, dark brown?