子宫内膜异位症(Endometriosis,EM)最常发生于盆腔的性器官(如子宫肌层、卵巢等)和腹膜,也可见于大肠、阑尾和腹壁疤痕等部位。肺、胸膜和横膈等胸腔结构偶尔也可发生,此称为胸腔子宫内膜异位症。本症由Schwarz(1938年)首先描述,其后相继报道者甚多,虽然在临床上本病并不常见,但在女性患者的气胸和咯血的鉴别诊断中却不可忽视。现对本病的有关资料作一简述。 Endometriosis (EM) most commonly occurs in pelvic organs (eg, myometrium, ovaries, etc.) and peritoneum, as well as in large intestine, appendix and abdominal wall scar. Pulmonary structures such as the lung, pleura, and diaphragm may occasionally occur, which is called pleural endometriosis. The disease was first described by Schwarz (1938), and many others were subsequently reported. Although this disease is not clinically common, it can not be ignored in the differential diagnosis of pneumothorax and hemoptysis in female patients. Now the relevant information of the disease to make a brief description.