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目的探讨吸收放散试验及抗体增强方法在ABO血型抗原减弱和血清抗体效价降低及高效价冷凝集素引起疑难血型鉴定中应用的可行性。方法对30例ABO血型正反定型不相符的血标本,采用不规则抗体筛选、抗体增强方法、吸收放散试验及直接抗人球蛋白试验,观察患者血型抗原及血清中抗体的检出情况。结果 30例患者不规则抗体筛选和直接抗人球蛋白试验阴性,被患者红细胞吸收后的人源抗A或抗B血清效价有所降低;患者红细胞放散液与A型或B型试剂红细胞出现预期的血型抗原抗体反应,凝集强度由常规方法的混合外观凝集(MF)~1+增加到吸收放散试验及抗体增强方法的1+~3+,ABO血型正反定型相符。结论吸收放散试验能起到浓缩血清及初步纯化抗体的作用,抗体增强方法可增加低效价血清抗体的凝集强度,在输血相容性检测中联合应用ABO正反定型、吸收放散试验及抗体增强方法,可准确鉴定ABO疑难血型及解决部分交叉配血不合的问题。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of the absorption and desorption test and the method of antibody enhancement in reducing the ABO blood group antigen, decreasing the serum antibody titer and identifying the difficult blood type caused by high titer cold agglutinin. Methods The blood samples of 30 cases of incompatible positive and negative ABO blood samples were collected and analyzed by irregular antibody screening, antibody enhancement method, absorption and desorption test and direct anti-human globulin test to detect the detection of blood group antigens and serum antibodies. Results 30 cases of patients with irregular antibody screening and direct anti-human globulin test was negative, the patient’s red blood cell absorption of human anti-A or anti-B serum titers decreased; patients with red blood cell effusion and type A or B reagent red blood cells appear The expected blood group antigen-antibody reaction, agglutination strength by the conventional method of mixing the appearance of agglutination (MF) ~ 1 + increase to the absorption release test and antibody enhancement method 1 + ~ 3 +, ABO blood type positive and negative stereotypes line. Conclusions Absorption and desorption test can be used to concentrate serum and purify the antibody. Antibody-enhanced method can increase the agglutination strength of low-titer serum antibody. In the transfusion compatibility test, ABO positive and negative stereotypes, absorption and emission test and antibody enhancement Method can be accurately identified ABO difficult blood type and solve part of the problem of cross matching blood.