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按金属活动顺序Sn比Pb金属性强,按主族元素金属性质的递变规律似乎Pb比Sn金属性强,应怎样解释呢? 我们以为这两种说法的含义并非相同但又存在着密切的联系。元崇性质的递变规律认为主族元素随着核电荷数的增加,原子半径的增大,核对外层电子引力的减弱,元素的金属性逐渐增加。Sn和Pb同属ⅣA族,Pb的原子半径(154pm)比Sn(140pm)大,核电荷高,金属性就强。从空气中的氧只对铅有作用,Pb的氢氧化物的碱性比Sn强,其卤化物的离子性亦比Sn强等实验事实不难证实这一递变规律。而金属活动
According to the sequence of metal activities, Sn is more metallic than Pb. It seems that Pb is more metallic than Sn in terms of the gradual variation of the metal properties of the main group. How do we explain this? We think that the meaning of the two arguments is not the same but there are close contact. The metamorphic rule of Yuanchong’s nature thinks that with the increase of the nuclear charge and the increase of the atomic radius of the main group element, the electronic gravity of the outer core weakens, and the metallicity of the element gradually increases. Sn and Pb belong to the same group as IVA. The atomic radius (154 pm) of Pb is larger than that of Sn (140 pm). The nuclear charge is high and the metallicity is strong. From the oxygen in the air, it only has effect on lead. The basicity of the hydroxide of Pb is stronger than that of Sn. The ionicity of halide is also stronger than that of Sn, and it is not difficult to confirm this law of variation. Metal activities